The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,206
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 5,001–5,100 of 23,883
Automatic Pain Intensity Estimation with Heteroscedastic Conditional Ordinal Random Fields
Rudovic, O. O., Pavlović, V., & Pantić, M. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41939-3_23 · Cited by 57
Merisaari, H., & Jambor, I. (2014) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.25310 · Cited by 57
Weck, F., Hautzinger, M., Heidenreich, T., & Stangier, U. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000055 · Cited by 57
Wei, W., Bai, L., Wang, J., Dai, R., Tong, R. K., Zhang, Y., Song, Z., Jiang, W., Shi, C., Li, M., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064154 · Cited by 57
An Examination of Sources of Peer-Review Bias
Blackburn, J. L., & Hakel, M. D. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01715.x · Cited by 57
Hong, J. Y., Suh, S. W., Modi, H. N., et al. (2010) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1422-x · Cited by 57
Nichols, J. H., Samy, B., Nasir, K., Fox, C. S., Schulze, P. C., Bamberg, F., & Hoffmann, U. (2008) · Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography · doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2008.08.008 · Cited by 56
Kienle, K.-P., Keck, J., Werlen, S. F., et al. (2012) · Skeletal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00256-012-1358-9 · Cited by 57
Alahmari, K. A., Marchetti, G. F., Sparto, P. J., FURMAN, J. M. R., & Whitney, S. L. (2013) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.09.011 · Cited by 57
The Interrater Reliability of Stroboscopy Evaluations
Nawka, T., & Konerding, U. (2012) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.09.009 · Cited by 57
Houtte, M. V. (2004) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/0305569042000310336 · Cited by 57
Haywood, K. L., Garratt, A., Lall, R., et al. (2008) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-008-9311-z · Cited by 57
Observations of Dyadic Power in Interpersonal Interaction
Dunbar, N. E., & Abra, G. (2010) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2010.520018 · Cited by 60
Lim, Y., Velozo, C. A., & Bendixen, R. M. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0642-7 · Cited by 57
Validation of Team Performance Assessment of Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards
Jalil, R. T., Akhter, W., Lamb, B. W., Taylor, C., Harris, J., Green, J. S. A., & Sevdalis, N. (2014) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.002 · Cited by 57
Correlation Between Distal Radial Cortical Thickness and Bone Mineral Density
Webber, T., Patel, S. P., Pensak, M. J., et al. (2015) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.12.015 · Cited by 57
Spinath, F. M., Spinath, B., & Plomin, R. J. (2008) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.677 · Cited by 57
Psychometric Validation of the Cancer Therapy Satisfaction Questionnaire
Trask, P. C., Tellefsen, C., Espindle, D. M., Getter, C., & Hsu, M. (2008) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00310.x · Cited by 57
Probst, C., Winter, L., Möller, B., Weber, H., Weintraub, D., Witt, K., Deuschl, G., Katzenschlager, R., & van Eimeren, T. (2014) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7299-6 · Cited by 73
KIRCHEIS, G. (2012) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i10.1077 · Cited by 57
The Accuracy of the Central Venous Blood Gas for Acid-Base Monitoring
Walkey, A. J., Farber, H. W., O’Donnell, C., Cabral, H., Eagan, J. S., & Philippides, G. J. (2009) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066609356164 · Cited by 57
Barber, J. P., Zilcha‐Mano, S., Gallop, R., Barrett, M. S., McCarthy, K. S., & Dinger, U. (2014) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.871080 · Cited by 56
Longino, P. D., Birmingham, T. B., Schultz, W. J., Moyer, R. F., & Giffin, J. R. (2013) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546513505077 · Cited by 57
Psychometric Properties of 2 Simplified 3-Level Balance Scales Used for Patients With Stroke
Wang, C.-H., Hsueh, I., Sheu, C., Yao, G., & Hsieh, C. (2004) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/84.5.430 · Cited by 57
Sigmoid Cancer versus Chronic Diverticular Disease: Differentiating Features at CT Colonography
Lips, L. M. J., Cremers, P. T. J., Pickhardt, P. J., et al. (2014) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.14132829 · Cited by 57
Hoyte, L. P. J., Ye, W., Brubaker, L. T., Fielding, J. R., Lockhart, M. E., Heilbrun, M. E., Brown, M. B., Warfield, S. K., & for the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network (2011) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.22478 · Cited by 57
Egerton, T., Thingstad, P., & Helbostad, J. L. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-542 · Cited by 58
Fluctuations in plantar flexion force are reduced after prolonged tendon vibration
Yoshitake, Y., Shinohara, M., Kouzaki, M., & Fukunaga, T. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00560.2004 · Cited by 57
Quality of social experience explains the relation between extraversion and positive affect.
Smillie, L. D., Wilt, J. A., Kabbani, R., Garratt, C., & Revelle, W. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000047 · Cited by 57
Bolgla, L. A., Malone, T., Umberger, B. R., & Uhl, T. L. (2009) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.11.008 · Cited by 57
Wagner, L. V., Davids, J. R., & Hardin, J. W. (2015) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.12949 · Cited by 57
Miller, W. C., Deathe, A. B., & Harris, J. E. (2004) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215504cr728oa · Cited by 56
SHIMMER: A new tool for temporal gait analysis
O’Donovan, K. J., Greene, B. R., McGrath, D., et al. (2009) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5335140 · Cited by 57
Harding, S. A., Britten, N., & Bristow, D. R. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03645.x · Cited by 57
Test–retest reliability of an fMRI paradigm for studies of cardiovascular reactivity
Sheu, L. K., Jennings, J. R., & Gianaros, P. J. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01382.x · Cited by 57
The Achilles Tendon Insertion is Crescent-shaped: An In Vitro Anatomic Investigation
Lohrer, H., Arentz, S., Nauck, T., et al. (2008) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0298-0 · Cited by 57
Cuesta‐Vargas, A., & Gabel, C. P. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-126 · Cited by 57
Impact of Treatment for Depression on Desire for Hastened Death in Patients With Advanced AIDS
BREITBART, W. S., Rosenfeld, B. D., Gibson, C., Kramer, M., Li, Y., Tomarken, A., Nelson, C. J., Pessin, H., Esch, J. S. A., Galietta, M., et al. (2010) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.51.2.98 · Cited by 56
Dykiert, D., & Deary, I. J. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0033623 · Cited by 57
Czarnota, J., Hey, J., & Fuhrmann, R. A. W. (2016) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-015-0004-2 · Cited by 57
Gwynne, C. R., & Curran, S. A. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 57
Lee, J., & Schallert, D. L. (2015) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.132 · Cited by 62
Comparison between Human and Bite-Based Methods of Estimating Caloric Intake
Salley, J. N., Hoover, A. W., Wilson, M. L., & Muth, E. R. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.007 · Cited by 57
Eshuis, R., Lentjes, G., Tegner, Y., Wolterbeek, N., & Veen, M. R. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6566 · Cited by 57
Zumstein, M. A., Schiessl, P., Ambuehl, B., et al. (2017) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-017-4579-6 · Cited by 57
Bardet, S., Ciappuccini, R., Pellot-Barakat, C. J. M., et al. (2017) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0293 · Cited by 57
Proyer, R. T., & Brauer, K. (2017) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.10.002 · Cited by 61
The Bogazici face database: Standardized photographs of Turkish faces with supporting materials
Sarıbay, S. A., Biten, A. F., Meral, E. O., Aldan, P., Třebický, V., & Kleisner, K. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192018 · Cited by 57
Rogasch, J. M. M., Hundsdoerfer, P., Hofheinz, F., Wedel, F., Schatka, I., Amthauer, H., & Furth, C. (2018) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4432-4 · Cited by 57
Yasinski, C. W., Hayes, A. M., Alpert, E., McCauley, T. G., Ready, C. B., Webb, C. P. M., & Deblinger, E. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.008 · Cited by 65
Neuroimaging of individual differences: A latent variable modeling perspective
Cooper, S. R., Jackson, J. J., Barch, D. M., & Braver, T. S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.022 · Cited by 65
Reliability and interrelations of seven proxy measures of cochlear synaptopathy
Guest, H., Munro, K. J., Prendergast, G., et al. (2019) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.018 · Cited by 57
Picornell, A. C., Echavarría, I., Álvarez, E. L., López‐Tarruella, S., Jerez, Y., Hoadley, K. A., Parker, J. S., del Monte-Millán, M., Ramos‐Medina, R., Gayarre, J., et al. (2019) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5849-0 · Cited by 57
Recalibration improves inter-examiner reliability of TMD examination
List, T., John, M. T., Dworkin, S. F., et al. (2006) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016350500483137 · Cited by 57
Zorrilla, E. P., Reinhardt, L. E., Valdez, G. R., Inoue, K., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Koob, G. F. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.104.068676 · Cited by 57
Comorbidity of axis I disorders among eating-disordered subjects in Japan
Iwasaki, Y., Matsunaga, H., Kiriike, N., Tanaka, H., & Matsui, T. (2000) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2000.16561 · Cited by 55
R&D project team climate and team performance in Korea: A multidimensional approach
Kim, Y., & Lee, B.-H. (1995) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00910.x · Cited by 57
Development of a multidisciplinary feeding profile for children who are dependent feeders
Kenny, D. J., Koheil, R., Greenberg, J., et al. (1989) · Dysphagia · doi:10.1007/bf02407398 · Cited by 57
Comparison of Biomechanical Factors between the Kicking and Stance Limbs
Ross, S. E., Guskiewicz, K. M., Prentice, W. E., et al. (2004) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.13.2.135 · Cited by 57
Wild, B., Lechner, S., Herzog, W., Maatouk, I., Wesche, D., Raum, E., Müller, H., Brenner, H., Slaets, J. P. J., Huyse, F. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.09.003 · Cited by 57
Personality correlates of startle habituation
LaRowe, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Curtin, J. J., & Kline, J. P. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.11.008 · Cited by 57
Factors Influencing Stroop Performance in Schizophrenia.
Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.477 · Cited by 57
Chow, S. M. K., Hsu, Y.-W., HENDERSON, S. E., et al. (2006) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.23.1.31 · Cited by 57
Volume estimation of extensor muscles of the lower leg based on MR imaging
Lund, H., Christensen, L., Savnik, A., Boesen, J., Danneskiold‐Samsøe, B., & Bliddal, H. (2002) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-002-1334-1 · Cited by 60
Rapid Biological Assessments: How Many Animals Are Enough?
Somers, K. M., Reid, R. A., & David, S. M. (1998) · Journal of the North American Benthological Society · doi:10.2307/1468337 · Cited by 57
Giannini, M. J., & Protas, E. J. (1992) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/72.5.365 · Cited by 57
Evaluation of bioprosthetic valve-associated thrombus in ventricular assist device patients.
Wagner, W. R., Johnson, P. C., Kormos, R. L., et al. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.5.2023 · Cited by 57
Pharmacological long-term treatment strategies in first episode schizophrenia
Gäebel, W., Möller, H., Buchkremer, G., Ohmann, C., Riesbeck, M., Wölwer, W., von Wilmsdorff, M., Bottlender, R., & Klingberg, S. (2004) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0509-y · Cited by 57
A simple index to measure hygiene behaviours
Webb, A. L., Stein, A. D., Ramakrishnan, U., Hertzberg, V. S., Urizar, M., & Martorell, R. (2006) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyl165 · Cited by 56
Italian validation of INQoL, a quality of life questionnaire for adults with muscle diseases
Sansone, V. A., Panzeri, M., Montanari, M., Apolone, G., Gandossini, S., Rose, M. R., Politano, L., Solimene, C., Siciliano, G., Volpi, L., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02992.x · Cited by 64
Cabec, A. L., Tang, N. K., Rubio, V. R., & Hillson, S. W. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23702 · Cited by 55
Buisman, R. S. M., Pittner, K., Tollenaar, M. S., Lindenberg, J., van den Berg, L. J. M., Block, L. C.-D., van Ginkel, J. R., Alink, L. R. A., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Elzinga, B. M., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225839 · Cited by 58
Are low-level visual features of scenes associated with perceived restorative qualities?
Celikors, E., & Wells, N. M. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101800 · Cited by 57
Dijkstra, H. P., Auliffe, S. M., Ardern, C. L., Kemp, J. L., Mosler, A., Price, A. I., Blazey, P., Richards, D. P., Farooq, A., Serner, A., et al. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106085 · Cited by 60
The Children's Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI). Description, development, and reliability studies.
Kernberg, P. F., Chazan, S. E., & Normandin, L. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 56
Volumetrics of the caudate nucleus: Reliability and validity of a new manual tracing protocol
Looi, J. C., Lindberg, O. E., Liberg, B., Tatham, V., Kumar, R., Maller, J. J., Millard, E., Sachdev, P. S., Högberg, G., Pagani, M., et al. (2008) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.07.005 · Cited by 60
Trinkler, I., de Langavant, L. C., & Bachoud‐Lévi, A. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.12.003 · Cited by 60
Whitehurst, D. G. T., & Bryan, S. (2011) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2010.09.002 · Cited by 57
Empirical support for interrater reliability of Rorschach Comprehensive System coding
Viglione, D. J., & Taylor, N. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10121 · Cited by 56
Yang, W., & Meyer, K. E. (2014) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.012 · Cited by 57
Szaflarski, J. P., Eaton, K. P., Ball, A. L., Banks, C., Vannest, J. J., Allendorfer, J. B., Page, S. J., & Holland, S. K. (2010) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.02.003 · Cited by 56
Examination of passive ROM and capsular patterns in the hip
Klässbo, M., Harms‐Ringdahl, K., & Larsson, G. (2003) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.267 · Cited by 56
Reliability of Measurements with InnocorTMduring Exercise
Fontana, P., Boutellier, U., & Toigo, M. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225340 · Cited by 56
McDonnell, M. N., Berry, N., Cutting, M. A., et al. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.65 · Cited by 56
Interim methadone treatment: Impact on arrests
Schwartz, R. P., Jaffe, J. H., O’Grady, K. E., Kinlock, T. W., Gordon, M., Kelly, S. M., Wilson, M. E., & Ahmed, A. U. (2009) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.007 · Cited by 56
Calder, K. M., Stashuk, D. W., & McLean, L. (2006) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.08.012 · Cited by 56
Wilson, R., Rochon, E. A., Mihailidis, A., & Léonard, C. (2011) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0206 · Cited by 56
Guglielmoni, P., Promsudthi, A., Tatakis, D. N., et al. (2001) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2001.72.2.134 · Cited by 56
Nishiyama, K. K., Campbell, G. M., Klinck, R. J., & Boyd, S. K. (2009) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.023 · Cited by 56
Development of a questionnaire to assay recalled liking for salt, sweet and fat
Deglaire, A., Méjean, C., Castetbon, K., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Urbano, C., Herçberg, S., & Schlich, P. (2011) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.08.006 · Cited by 56
A method of rating assimilation in psychotherapy based on markers of change.
Honos‐Webb, L., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (2003) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.2.189 · Cited by 56
Aboyans, V. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00584-x · Cited by 54
Development of a French-Canadian Version of the Oswestry Disability Index
Denis, I., & Fortin, L. (2011) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e318233eaf9 · Cited by 56
Hepatic steatosis estimated microscopically versus digital image analysis
Hall, A. R., Dhillon, A. P., Green, A. C., Ferrell, L. D., Crawford, J. M., Alves, V. A. F., Balabaud, C. P., Bhathal, P. S., Bioulac‐Sage, P., Guido, M., et al. (2013) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.12162 · Cited by 55
McDevitt‐Murphy, M. E., Weathers, F. W., Flood, A. M., Eakin, D. E., & Benson, T. A. (2007) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191106295914 · Cited by 56
Reliability of ERP and single-trial analyses
Gaspar, C., Rousselet, G. A., & Pernet, C. R. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.052 · Cited by 56
de Andrea, C. E., Kroon, H. M. J. A., Wolterbeek, R., et al. (2012) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.78 · Cited by 56
Bekes, K., John, M. T., Zyriax, R., Schaller, H., & Hirsch, C. (2011) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-010-0496-5 · Cited by 54
Elhan, A. H., Öztuna, D., Kutlay, Ş., Küçükdeveci, A. A., & Tennant, A. (2008) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-166 · Cited by 56
Nott, M. T., Chapparo, C., & Heard, R. C. (2008) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050802227170 · Cited by 56
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
