The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,206
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 6,901–7,000 of 23,882
Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Newest Vital Sign: A Preliminary Study
Kogure, T., Sumitani, M., Suka, M., Ishikawa, H., Odajima, T., Igarashi, A., Kusama, M., Okamoto, M., Sugimori, H., & Kawahara, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094582 · Cited by 41
Sun, D., Li, S., Zhang, X., Fernandez, C., Chen, W., Srinivasan, S. R., & Berenson, G. S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089696 · Cited by 39
Weinstein, T. A. R., & Capitanio, J. P. (2012) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025607 · Cited by 38
Automatic quality of life prediction using electronic medical records.
Pakhomov, S., Shah, N. D., Hanson, P., Balasubramaniam, S. C., Smith, S. A., & Smith, S. A. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 39
Heidemann, C. H., Godballe, C., Kjeldsen, A. D., Johansen, E. C. J., Faber, C. E., & Lauridsen, H. H. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-201 · Cited by 39
Nandrino, J., Baracca-Delahaye, M., Antoine, P., Paget, V., Bydlowski, S., & Carton, S. (2013) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207594.2012.753149 · Cited by 41
Development of a Standardized Instrument To Assess Computer Task Performance
Dumont, C., Vincent, C., & Mazer, B. L. (2002) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.56.1.60 · Cited by 39
Health-Related Quality of Life after Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury
Garma, S., Kelly, E. H., DAHARSH, E., & Vogel, L. C. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq037 · Cited by 39
Bogaard, G., Meijer, E. H., Vrij, A., Broers, N. J., & Merckelbach, H. L. G. J. (2013) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2959 · Cited by 41
Measurement of community reintegration in sample of severely wounded servicemembers
Resnik, L. J., Gray, M. L., & Borgia, M. L. (2011) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.04.0070 · Cited by 39
Influences on Maternal Responsivity in Mothers of Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Sterling, A. M., Warren, S. F., Brady, N. C., & Fleming, K. (2013) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-188.4.310 · Cited by 39
Dodd, J. M., Deussen, A. R., Mohamad, İ., Rifas‐Shiman, S., Yelland, L., Louise, J., McPhee, A., Grivell, R. M., Owens, J. A., Gillman, M. W., et al. (2015) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13796 · Cited by 44
An automated method of content analysis for psychotherapy research: A further validation
Salvatore, S., Gelo, O. C. G., Gennaro, A., Metrangolo, R., Terrone, G., Pace, V., Venuleo, C., Venezia, A., & Ciavolino, E. (2015) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2015.1072282 · Cited by 41
A randomized trial for hazardous drinking and smoking cessation for callers to a quitline.
Toll, B. A., Martino, S., O’Malley, S. S., Fucito, L. M., McKee, S. A., Kahler, C. W., Rojewski, A. M., Mahoney, M. C., Wu, R., Celestino, P. B., et al. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038183 · Cited by 39
Shapiro, J., Biermann, K., Klaveren, D. V., et al. (2016) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000001630 · Cited by 39
Tomasi, D. G., Kojori, E. S., & Volkow, N. D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154407 · Cited by 43
Czycholl, I., Kniese, C., Büttner, K., Beilage, E. G., Schrader, L., & Krieter, J. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2785-1 · Cited by 42
The effect of siblings on children's social skills and perspective taking
Sang, S. A., & Nelson, J. A. (2017) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2023 · Cited by 39
Reliability in adolescent fMRI within two years – a comparison of three tasks
Vetter, N. C., Steding, J., Jurk, S., Ripke, S., Mennigen, E., & Smolka, M. N. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02334-7 · Cited by 41
Salau, J., Haas, J. H., Junge, W., et al. (2017) · Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.06.006 · Cited by 39
Becker, A. S., Cornelius, A., Reiner, C. S., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.07.016 · Cited by 39
The role of destination personality fit in destination branding: Antecedents and outcomes
Hultman, M., Strandberg, C., Oghazi, P., & Mostaghel, R. (2017) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21047 · Cited by 39
Jeon, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Jeon, I., et al. (2017) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-017-5084-5 · Cited by 39
Imaging Corneal Biomechanical Responses to Ocular Pulse Using High-Frequency Ultrasound
Pavlatos, E., Chen, H., Clayson, K., et al. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2017.2775146 · Cited by 39
Quality assessment of cancer cachexia clinical practice guidelines
Shen, W., Yao, L., Wang, X., et al. (2018) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.008 · Cited by 39
Measuring Cultural Dimensions of Classroom Interactions
Jensen, B., Grajeda, S., & Haertel, E. H. (2018) · Educational Assessment · doi:10.1080/10627197.2018.1515010 · Cited by 42
Matthew, R. P., Seko, S., Bajcsy, R., & Lotz, J. C. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2018.2872834 · Cited by 39
Gomolka, S., Vægter, H. B., Nijs, J., Meeus, M., Gajsar, H., Hasenbring, M. I., & Titze, C. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz131 · Cited by 41
Schwarzenthal, M., Juang, L. P., Schachner, M. K., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2019) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.07.007 · Cited by 43
ElderReact: A Multimodal Dataset for Recognizing Emotional Response in Aging Adults
Ma, K., Wang, X., Yang, X., Zhang, M., Girard, J. M., & Morency, L. (2019) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/3340555.3353747 · Cited by 43
An introduction to Rorschach assessment.
Meyer, G. J., & Viglione, D. J. (2011) · doi:10.4324/9780203933244-13 · Cited by 39
Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the OCRA checklist method in video-recorded manual work tasks
Rhén, I.-M., & Forsman, M. (2020) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103025 · Cited by 39
Hoffmann, B., Flatt, A. A., Silva, L. E. V., Młyńczak, M., Baranowski, R., Dziedzic, E. A., Werner, B., & Gąsior, J. S. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics10100833 · Cited by 40
Busch, A. S., Ljubicic, M. L., Upners, E. N., Fischer, M. B., Kolby, N., Eckert‐Lind, C., Jespersen, K., Andersson, A., Frederiksen, H. W., Johannsen, T. H., et al. (2021) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12777 · Cited by 40
Wittens, M. M. J., Allemeersch, G., Sima, D. M., Naeyaert, M., Vanderhasselt, T., Vanbinst, A., Buls, N., Brucker, Y. D., Raeymaekers, H., Fransén, E., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.746982 · Cited by 41
John, O. P., & Benet‐Martínez, V. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996481.023 · Cited by 39
Tevald, M. A., Murray, A. M., Luc, B. A., et al. (2015) · The Knee · doi:10.1016/j.knee.2015.06.006 · Cited by 39
Poles, M. A., Elliott, J., Vingerhoets, J., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/317640 · Cited by 39
Lalonde, L., Clarke, A. E., Joseph, L., MacKenzie, T. A., & Grover, S. A. (1999) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1008991816278 · Cited by 40
Leary, H. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/c570-0a4e · Cited by 38
Examination of Muscle Strength and Pressure Pain Thresholds in Knee Osteoarthritis
Skou, S. T., Simonsen, O. H., & Rasmussen, S. (2015) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000028 · Cited by 39
Assessing Suitability of MSW Applicants through Objective Scoring of Personal Statements
GlenMaye, L. F., & Oakes, M. G. (2002) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2002.10779083 · Cited by 39
Selection of Quality-of-Life Measures for a Prevention Trial
Bouchet, C., Guillemin, F., Paul-Dauphin, A., & Briançon, S. (2000) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(99)00038-0 · Cited by 39
Thinking hats and good men: Structured techniques in a problem construction task
Vernon, D. J., & Hocking, I. (2014) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2014.07.001 · Cited by 43
Hippocampal Volume and Shape Analysis in an Older Adult Population
McHugh, T., Saykin, A. J., Wishart, H. A., Flashman, L. A., Cleavinger, H. B., Rabin, L. A., Mamourian, A. C., & Shen, L. (2007) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854040601064534 · Cited by 39
Bulotsky‐Shearer, R. J., & Fantuzzo, J. W. (2004) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.20018 · Cited by 42
Noninvasive assessment of right atrial pressure using Doppler tissue imaging
Abbas, A. E., Lester, S. J., Moreno, F., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2004.06.005 · Cited by 39
Lucidarme, O., Kono, Y., Corbeil, J., Choi, S., Golmard, J., Varner, J. A., & Mattrey, R. F. (2006) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2392040986 · Cited by 40
Gude, T., Monsen, J. T., & Hoffart, A. (2001) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/713663854 · Cited by 39
Overperception of Spousal Criticism in Dysphoria and Marital Discord
Smith, D. A., & Peterson, K. M. (2008) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.09.002 · Cited by 39
Precision of Lumbar Intervertebral Measurements
Pearson, A. M., Spratt, K. F., Genuario, J., et al. (2011) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181e11c13 · Cited by 39
Impact of Knowledge Support on the Performance of Software Process Tailoring
Xu, P., & Ramesh, B. (2008) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222250308 · Cited by 39
Shinjo, H., Nakata, K., Shino, K., et al. (2002) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00062-1 · Cited by 39
Manual MRI parcellation of the frontal lobe
Ranta, M. E., Crocetti, D., Clauss, J. A., Kraut, M. A., Mostofsky, S. H., & Kaufmann, W. E. (2009) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.01.006 · Cited by 39
Marcon, M., Ciritsis, B. D., Laux, C. J., et al. (2014) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-014-3424-2 · Cited by 39
The Bandim tuberculosis score: Reliability and comparison with the Karnofsky performance score
Rudolf, F., Joaquím, L. C., Vieira, C. S., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Andersen, A., Erlandsen, M., Sodemann, M., Andersen, P. L., & Wejse, C. M. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3109/00365548.2012.731077 · Cited by 38
The role of optimism in the process of schema-focused cognitive therapy of personality problems
Hoffart, A., & Sexton, H. C. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00027-4 · Cited by 38
Morphology of the corpus callosum in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and major depression
Sun, J., Maller, J. J., Daskalakis, Z. J., Furtado, C., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01389.x · Cited by 39
Krosschell, K. J., Scott, C., Maczulski, J. A., et al. (2011) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.22040 · Cited by 39
Booth, F. V. M., Short, M., Shorr, A. F., et al. (2005) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc3790 · Cited by 39
Reliability of Two Instruments for Critical Assessment of Economic Evaluations
Au, F., Prahardhi, S., & Shiell, A. (2007) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00255.x · Cited by 39
The Reliability of the Manual Supination Resistance Test
Noakes, H., & Payne, C. (2003) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/87507315-93-3-185 · Cited by 39
Kobak, K. A. (2004) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/1357633041424368 · Cited by 39
Hardikar, S. S., Song, X., Kratz, M., Anderson, G. L., Blount, P. L., Reid, B. J., Vaughan, T. L., & White, E. (2014) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0396-0 · Cited by 39
Characteristics Influencing the Visual Analysis of Single-Subject Data: An Empirical Analysis
Gibson, G., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (1988) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886388243007 · Cited by 39
Sørlie, T., & Nergård, J.-I. (2005) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461505052669 · Cited by 39
Clinical assessment of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease from computer-generated animation
Morris, T. R., Cho, C., Dilda, V., Shine, J. M., Naismith, S. L., Lewis, S. J. G., & Moore, S. T. (2013) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.12.011 · Cited by 39
Rashidi, A. A., Anis, A. H., & Marra, C. A. (2006) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-25 · Cited by 38
Aebi, M., Plattner, B., Steinhausen, H., & Bessler, C. (2011) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063210384634 · Cited by 39
Brondolo, E. N., Rosen, R. C., Kostis, J. B., et al. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199905000-00010 · Cited by 39
Representational structures and the therapeutic process.
Blatt, S., Auerbach, J., & Aryan, M. (1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10275-008 · Cited by 48
The effect of emotion on articulation rate in persistence and recovery of childhood stuttering
Erdemir, A., Walden, T. A., Jefferson, C. M., Choi, D., & Jones, R. M. (2017) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.11.003 · Cited by 39
A normal spinal position: It's time to accept the evidence
Harrison, D. E., Harrison, D. D., Troyanovich, S. J., et al. (2000) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mmt.2000.110941 · Cited by 39
Uncoupling of the Noradrenergic-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Panic Disorder Patients
Coplan, J. D., Pine, D., Papp, L., Martinez, J., Cooper, T., Rosenblum, L. A., & Gorman, J. M. (1995) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00018-9 · Cited by 39
The Equivalence of Multiple Rater Kappa Statistics and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients
Rae, G. (1988) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164488482009 · Cited by 39
Brief Assessment of Motor Function
Cintas, H. L., Siegel, K. L., Furst, G., & Gerber, L. H. (2003) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00002060-200301000-00006 · Cited by 39
Correlation of impairment and activity limitation after wrist fracture
Tremayne, A., Taylor, N. F., McBurney, H., & Baskus, K. (2002) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.245 · Cited by 39
Maternal depressive symptomatology and child maladjustment: A comparison of three process models
Dumas, J. E., & Serketich, W. J. (1994) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80281-3 · Cited by 39
Complex Composites: Issues That Arise in Combining Different Modes of Assessment
Wilson, M. R., & Wang, W. (1995) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662169501900107 · Cited by 40
Vilete, L. M. P., Coutinho, E. S. F., & Figueira, I. L. D. V. (2004) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2004000100023 · Cited by 36
Evaluating Peer Reviews: Pilot Testing of a Grading Instrument
Feurer, I. D. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020024006 · Cited by 39
Reliability and reproducibility of brain tissue volumetry from segmented MR scans
Agartz, I., Okuguwa, G., Nordström, M., et al. (2001) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/pl00007542 · Cited by 39
Exposure-based integrated vs. pure psychodynamic treatment of agoraphobic inpatients.
Hoffart, A., & Matinsen, E. W. (1990) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.27.2.210 · Cited by 39
Reliability of tests and measures used in the neuropsychological assessment of children
Brown, S. J., Rourke, B. P., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1989) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854048908401484 · Cited by 39
Responsiveness of the Cochin rheumatoid hand disability scale after surgery
Lefèvre‐Colau, M. (2001) · British journal of rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/40.8.843 · Cited by 39
Therapist session intentions in cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy.
Stiles, W. B., Startup, M., Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., Rees, A., Shapiro, D. A., & Reynolds, S. A. (1996) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.402 · Cited by 39
A method for investigating sources of rater bias.
Hill, C. E., O’Grady, K. E., & Price, P. B. (1988) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.35.3.346 · Cited by 39
The systematic assessment of depressed elderly primary care patients
Raue, P. J., Alexopoulos, G. S., BRUCE, M. L., Klimstra, S., Mulsant, B. H., Gallo, J. J., & the PROSPECT Study Group (2001) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.469 · Cited by 39
Production Ergonomics: Identifying and managing risk in the design of high performance work systems
Neumann, P. (2004) · Figshare · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14638713 · Cited by 44
Vercell, A., Gasteiger, N., Yorke, J., & Dowding, D. (2023) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104931 · Cited by 36
WILMORE, J. H., STANFORTH, P. R., TURLEY, K. R., GAGNON, J., DAW, E. W., LEON, A. S., RAO, D. C., SKINNER, J. S., & BOUCHARD, C. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199802000-00014 · Cited by 57
Andony, L. J., Tay, E., Allen, K. L., Wade, T. D., Hay, P., Touyz, S. W., McIntosh, V. V. W., Treasure, J. L., Schmidt, U. H., Fairburn, C. G., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22455 · Cited by 38
Sushentsev, N., Rundo, L., Blyuss, O. B., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92341-6 · Cited by 38
Less is more: balancing noise reduction and data retention in fMRI with data-driven scrubbing
Pham, D., McDonald, D. J., Ding, L., Nebel, M. B., & Mejia, A. F. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119972 · Cited by 38
Weiler, A., Berndt, R., Wagner, M., et al. (2023) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465231178292 · Cited by 38
Cudejko, T., Button, K., & Al-Amri, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41622-3 · Cited by 43
Exploring Digital Agility and Digital Transformation Leadership
Srivastava, A. P., Yadav, M., Yadav, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Global Information Management · doi:10.4018/jgim.332861 · Cited by 38
Trybulski, R., Kużdżał, A., Wilk, M., Więckowski, J., Fostiak, K., & Muracki, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1453730 · Cited by 38
Warneke, K., Gronwald, T., Wallot, S., Magno, A., Hillebrecht, M., & WIRTH, K. J. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05720-6 · Cited by 43
Effects of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Along the Longitudinal Axis of the Hippocampus
Gordon, B. A., Blazey, T., Benzinger, T. L. S., & Head, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-130011 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
