The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,342
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 9,001–9,100 of 23,881
Aspvall, K., Andrén, P. E., Lenhard, F., Andersson, E., Mataix-Cols, D., & Serlachius, E. (2018) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.10 · Cited by 24
Short- and long-term reliability of language fMRI
Nettekoven, C., Reck, N., Goldbrunner, R., Grefkes, C., & Lucas, C. W. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.050 · Cited by 27
Mikos, V., Yen, S., Tay, A. E., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199215 · Cited by 27
Spiekermann, C., Savvas, E., Rudack, C., & Stenner, M. (2018) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-018-1004-x · Cited by 29
Fenwick, K. M., Brimhall, K. C., Hurlburt, M. S., & Aarons, G. A. (2018) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800164 · Cited by 28
Capturing the Reliability of Unknown Devices in the IoT World
Mavrogiorgou, A., Kiourtis, A., Symvoulidis, C., & Kyriazis, D. (2018) · International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS) · doi:10.1109/iotsms.2018.8554720 · Cited by 28
Xiang, J., Xue, J., Guo, H., Li, D., Cui, X., Niu, Y., Yan, T., Cao, R., Ma, Y., Yang, Y., et al. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00042-6 · Cited by 28
Chen, T. L., Agresta, C. E., Lipps, D. B., Provenzano, S. G., Hafer, J. F., Wong, D. W., Zhang, M., & Zernicke, R. F. (2019) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.04.013 · Cited by 27
Reliability of 3D texture analysis: A multicenter MRI study of the brain
Ta, D., Khan, M. H., Ishaque, A. H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.26904 · Cited by 27
Choy, N. L., Kuys, S. S., Richards, M., & Isles, R. (2002) · Australian Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60280-4 · Cited by 27
Ingegnoli, F., Galbiati, V., Boracchi, P., et al. (2007) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-007-0785-9 · Cited by 27
Kingree, J. B., Simpson, A., Thompson, M. P., McCrady, B. S., Tonigan, J. S., & Lautenschlager, G. J. (2006) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.20.4.453 · Cited by 27
Speech and drama training for lectures as a means of improving university teaching
Murray, H. G., & Lawrence, C. (1980) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/bf00975777 · Cited by 27
Feeny, D. H., Blanchard, C. M., Mahon, J., Bourne, R. B., Rorabeck, C. H., Stitt, L., & Webster-Bogaert, S. (2004) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/b:qure.0000015307.33811.2d · Cited by 27
Swami, V., Gray, M., & Furnham, A. F. (2006) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/r11x-5752-v164-4240 · Cited by 27
Measurement of participation in myotonic dystrophy: Reliability of the LIFE-H
Gagnon, C., Mathieu, J., & Noreau, L. (2006) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2006.01.012 · Cited by 26
Bøgwald, K., & Dahlbender, R. W. (2004) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1093/ptr/kph038 · Cited by 27
Ngo, H. C., Mount, G. J., McIntyre, J., & Do, L. (2011) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2011.10.016 · Cited by 27
Helbostad, J. L., Askim, T., & Moe‐Nilssen, R. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.07.020 · Cited by 27
Measurement System Analysis for Bounded Ordinal Data
de Mast, J., & van Wieringen, W. N. (2004) · Quality and Reliability Engineering International · doi:10.1002/qre.653 · Cited by 27
DiGiovanni, C. W., Langer, P. R., Nickisch, F., et al. (2007) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.3113/fai.2007.0175 · Cited by 27
Callaghan, M. J., McCarthy, C. J., & Oldham, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.05.004 · Cited by 27
Daniel, H., Oesch, P. R., Stuck, A. B., Born, S., Bachmann, S., & Schoenenberger, A. W. (2013) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2013.13884 · Cited by 27
Computerized Assessment of Sagittal Curvatures of the Spine
Pinel-Giroux, F., Mac‐Thiong, J., de Guise, J. A., et al. (2006) · Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques · doi:10.1097/01.bsd.0000211206.15997.dd · Cited by 27
Oakley, S. P., Portek, I., Szomor, Z. L., Turnbull, A., Murrell, G. A. C., Kirkham, B. W., & Lassere, M. N. (2003) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1053/jars.2003.50039 · Cited by 27
Stricker, L. J., & Emmerich, W. (1999) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1999.tb00561.x · Cited by 27
Reliability of a device measuring triceps surae muscle fatigability
Haber, M., Golan, E., Azoulay, L., Kahn, S. R., & Shrier, I. (2004) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2002.002899 · Cited by 27
Zhang, W., Gabos, S., Schopflocher, D., Li, X., Gati, W. P., & Hrudey, S. E. (2009) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/13547500903079186 · Cited by 27
Pharmacotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Rendell, M., & Kirchain, W. R. (2000) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.19171 · Cited by 30
Development and Validation of the Affect in Play Scale–Brief Rating Version (APS–BR)
Cordiano, T. S., Russ, S. W., & Short, E. J. (2008) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701693744 · Cited by 27
Oral Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Scoring Using the NIH Consensus Criteria
Treister, N. S., Stevenson, K. E., Kim, H. T., Woo, S., Soiffer, R. J., & Cutler, C. S. (2009) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.09.010 · Cited by 26
Andrews, Y. N., & CASTELLANOS, V. H. (2003) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(03)00383-3 · Cited by 27
El-Harazi, S. M., Feldman, R., Chuang, A. Z., et al. (1998) · Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina · doi:10.3928/1542-8877-19980501-05 · Cited by 27
Racić, V., Pavić, A., & Brownjohn, J. M. W. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Inter-rater reliability of the neurological examination in schizophrenia
Sanders, R. D., Forman, S. D., Pierri, J. N., et al. (1998) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00103-5 · Cited by 27
Everaert, D. G., Spaepen, A. J., Wouters, M. J., et al. (1999) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90065-5 · Cited by 27
When Did Your Pain Start?: Reliability of Self-Reported Age of Onset of Facial Pain
Raphael, K. G., & Marbach, J. J. (1997) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199712000-00014 · Cited by 27
Ostry, A., Marion, S. A., Demers, P. A., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.1030 · Cited by 27
Airflow limitation in asthmatic children assessed with a non-invasive EMG technique
Maarsingh, E. J. W., van Eykern, L. A., de Haan, R. J., et al. (2002) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s1569-9048(02)00130-1 · Cited by 27
Can perseverative responses on the Wisconsin card sorting test be scored accurately+
Greve, K. W. (1993) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/0887-6177(93)90051-2 · Cited by 27
Postural Synergies Associated With a Stepping Task
Mercer, V. S., & Sahrmann, S. A. (1999) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/79.12.1142 · Cited by 27
Amini, F., Zilberg, N. J., Burke, E. L., & Salasnek, S. (1982) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(82)90157-2 · Cited by 27
Saliva Protein Binding to Layers of Oral Streptococci in vitro and in vivo
Rudney, J. D., Ji, Z., Larson, C. J., Liljemark, W. F., & Hickey, K. L. (1995) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345950740060701 · Cited by 27
Parent coaching from 6 to 18 months improves child language outcomes through 30 months of age
Huber, E., Ferjan Ramírez, N., Corrigan, N. M., & Kuhl, P. K. (2023) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13391 · Cited by 24
Sticky apps, not sticky hands: A systematic review and content synthesis of hand hygiene mobile apps
Gasteiger, N., Dowding, D., Ali, S. M., Scott, A. J. S., Wilson, P., & van der Veer, S. N. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab094 · Cited by 26
Darban, M., Kwak, D.-H. (., Deng, S. (., Srite, M., & Lee, S. (2016) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.09.011 · Cited by 31
An A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods
Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3_1 · Cited by 36
Vivekanantha, P., Kahlon, H., Shahabinezhad, A., Cohen, D., Nagai, K., Hoshino, Y. Y., & de SA, D. L. (2023) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-023-07358-3 · Cited by 27
Salminen, M., Perttunen, J., Avela, J., & Vehkaoja, A. T. (2024) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.006 · Cited by 27
Galjaard, S., Baeck, S., Ameye, L., Bourne, T., Timmerman, D., & Devlieger, R. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.13285 · Cited by 27
Modeling the Development of Vocational Competence: a Psychometric Model for Economic Domains
Deutscher, V. K., Winther, E., & Festner, D. (2015) · Vocations and Learning · doi:10.1007/s12186-015-9139-y · Cited by 30
Keshwani, N., Mathur, S., & McLean, L. (2015) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6143 · Cited by 26
Carrig, M. M., Kolden, G. G., & Strauman, T. J. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300902735864 · Cited by 26
Taylor, K. S., & Davis, K. D. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20641 · Cited by 26
Linek, P., Saulicz, E., Wolny, T., Myśliwiec, A. P., & Kokosz, M. (2014) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2014.07.009 · Cited by 27
Gloor-Juzi, T., Kurre, A., Straumann, D., & de Bruin, E. D. (2012) · BMC Ear Nose and Throat Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6815-12-7 · Cited by 26
Optimal sample sizes for the design of reliability studies: Power consideration
Shieh, G. (2013) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0396-0 · Cited by 27
Absolute and Relative Reliability of Percentage of Syllables Stuttered and Severity Rating Scales
Karimi, H., O’Brian, S., Onslow, M., & Jones, M. (2014) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0106 · Cited by 26
Reliability of leg alignment using the OrthoPilot system depends on knee position: a cadaveric study
Hauschild, O., Konstantinidis, L., Strohm, P. C., et al. (2009) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-009-0825-x · Cited by 26
A set of standard area diagrams to assess severity of frogeye leaf spot on soybean
Debona, D., Nascimento, K. J. T., Rezende, D. C. D. M. D. M., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Plant Pathology · doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0638-3 · Cited by 26
Plate, A., Ahmadi, S., Pauly, O., et al. (2012) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.07.017 · Cited by 26
Adopting Employees' Ideas: Moderators of the Idea Generation–Idea Implementation Link
Silva, N. D., & Oldham, G. R. (2012) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2012.677257 · Cited by 28
Mayorga-Vega, D., Merino-Marbán, R., Vera-Estrada, F., et al. (2014) · Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) · Cited by 26
Shilton, M., Branney, J., de Vries, B. B. L. P., et al. (2015) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-015-0078-3 · Cited by 26
Transference interventions and the process between therapist and patient.
Ulberg, R., Amlo, S., Critchfield, K. L., Marble, A., & Høglend, P. A. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0034708 · Cited by 26
Validation of the Filovirus Plaque Assay for Use in Preclinical Studies
Shurtleff, A. C., Bloomfield, H. A., Mort, S., Orr, S., Audet, B., Whitaker, T., Richards, M. J., & Bavari, S. (2016) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v8040113 · Cited by 25
Software-Clone Rates in Open-Source Programs Written in C or C++
Koschke, R., & Bazrafshan, S. (2016) · IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER) · doi:10.1109/saner.2016.28 · Cited by 26
Forsythe, R. O., Ozdemir, B. A., Chemla, E. S., Jones, K. G., & Hinchliffe, R. J. (2016) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734616654567 · Cited by 26
Giromini, L., Ando, A. M. C., Morese, R., Salatino, A., Girolamo, M. D., Viglione, D. J., & Zennaro, A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.036 · Cited by 29
Longitudinal radiographic behavior of accessory navicular in pediatric patients
Knapik, D. M., Guraya, S. S., Conry, K. T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Children s Orthopaedics · doi:10.1007/s11832-016-0777-x · Cited by 26
Khalique, O. K., Hamid, N. B., White, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.10.012 · Cited by 26
Ha, S., Seidle, T., & Lim, K. (2016) · Environmental Health and Toxicology · doi:10.5620/eht.e2016026 · Cited by 26
Donohue, K. W., Little, K. J., Gaughan, J., Kozin, S. H., Norton, B., & Zlotolow, D. A. (2017) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.15.01116 · Cited by 26
Chung, M. K., Zulkarnain, A., Lee, J. B., et al. (2017) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.13437 · Cited by 26
de Graaf, S., Ampe, B., & Tuyttens, F. (2017) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.26.2.213 · Cited by 26
Development of the “Treatment beliefs in knee and hip OsteoArthritis (TOA)” questionnaire
Selten, E. M. H., Vriezekolk, J. E., Schers, H., Nijhof, M. W., van der Laan, W. H., van der Meulen‐Dilling, R. G., Geenen, R., & van den Ende, C. H. M. (2017) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1762-3 · Cited by 26
Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment: tool development and inter‐rater reliability
Pineda, R. G., Harris, R. C., Foci, F., et al. (2017) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.14128 · Cited by 26
Lie, M. U., Matre, D., Hansson, P. T., Stubhaug, A., Zwart, J., & Nilsen, K. B. (2017) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000626 · Cited by 29
Reproducibility of myelin content‐based human habenula segmentation at 3 Tesla
Kim, J.-W., Naidich, T. P., Joseph, J., Nair, D., Glasser, M. F., O’Halloran, R., Doucet, G. E., Lee, W. H., Krinsky, H., Paulino, A. J., et al. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24060 · Cited by 23
eMSQOL-29: Prospective validation of the abbreviated, electronic version of MSQOL-54
Rosato, R., Testa, S., Bertolotto, A., Scavelli, F., Giovannetti, A. M., Confalonieri, P. A., Patti, F., Chisari, C. G., Lugaresi, A., Pietrolongo, E., et al. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458518774935 · Cited by 25
Kreisler, A. D., Mattock, M., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.025 · Cited by 26
Álvarez-Estévez, D., & Fernández-Varela, I. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.025 · Cited by 26
Lininger, M. R., Leahy, T. E., Haug, E. C., & Bowman, T. G. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/ijspt20180800 · Cited by 26
Interobserver Reliability of the Animal Welfare Indicators Welfare Assessment Protocol for Horses
Czycholl, I., Klingbeil, P., & Krieter, J. (2019) · Journal of Equine Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.005 · Cited by 26
Sollmann, N., Mei, K., Hedderich, D. M., et al. (2019) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-019-06090-2 · Cited by 26
The Relationship between Change of Direction Tests in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Kadlubowski, B., Keiner, M., Hartmann, H., WIRTH, K. J., & Frick, U. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7050111 · Cited by 27
Chen, K., Feng, C.-J., Ma, H., Hsiao, F., Tseng, L., Tsai, Y., Lin, Y., Huang, L., Yu, W.-C., & Perng, C.-K. (2019) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000155 · Cited by 27
Henkle, E. M., Winthrop, K. L., Ranches, G. P., et al. (2019) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01300-2019 · Cited by 26
Lin, A., Fang, D., Li, C., et al. (2019) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-019-01238-x · Cited by 26
Caraganis, A., Mulder, M., Kempainen, R. R., Brown, R. Z., Oswood, M. C., Hoffman, B., & Prekker, M. E. (2020) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-019-00900-7 · Cited by 26
Olivera, M. J., Guerra, Á. P., Cortés, L. J., Horth, R., Padilla, J. C., Novoa, J., Ade, M. P., Ljolje, D., Lucchi, N. W., Marquiño, W., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0954 · Cited by 26
Redundancy of foramen ovale flap may mimic fetal aortic coarctation
Vena, F., Donarini, G., Scala, C., Tuo, G., & Paladini, D. (2020) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.22008 · Cited by 27
Computer-Based and Paper-and-Pencil Tests: A Study in Calculus for STEM Majors
Smolinsky, L., Marx, B. D., Ólafsson, G., & Yanxia, A. (2020) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633120930235 · Cited by 29
A‐Mode Ultrasound Reliability in Fat and Muscle Thickness Measurement
Ribeiro, G. A., de Aguiar, R. A., dos Santos, R. P., Lisbôa, F. D., Raimundo, J. A. G., Loch, T., Meira, Â., Turnes, T., & Caputo, F. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003691 · Cited by 26
Zhang, Q., Zhou, X., Zhang, R., et al. (2020) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.91 · Cited by 26
Miller, Y. D., Armanasco, A. A., McCosker, L. K., et al. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03149-7 · Cited by 26
Reliability of body composition assessment using A-mode ultrasound in a heterogeneous sample
Micloș-Balica, M., Muntean, P., Schick, F., Hărăguş, H. G., Glisici, B., Pupăzan, V., Neagu, A., & Neagu, M. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-020-00743-y · Cited by 27
Peña‐González, I., Roldán, A., Toledo, C., Urban, T., & Reina, R. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2019-0656 · Cited by 30
Three-Year Reliability of MEG Visual and Somatosensory Responses
McCusker, M. C., Lew, B. J., & Wilson, T. W. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa372 · Cited by 28
Eude, F., Toledano, M. N., Véra, P., Tilly, H., Mihailescu, S., & Becker, S. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11020072 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
