Word shape's in poor shape for the race to the lexicon
Abstract
Current models of fluent reading often assume that fast and automatic word recognition involves the use of a supraletter feature corresponding to the envelope or shape of the word when it is printed in lowercase. The advantages of mixed case over pure case and of pure lowercase over pure uppercase have often been taken as evidence favoring the word-shape hypothesis. Alternative explanations for these phenomena are offered. Experiment 1 shows that previous demonstrations of word-shape effects during proofreading are better described as individual letter effects. Experiments 2-4 explore the possibility that word shape facilitates lexical access through uncertainty reduction. In all three experiments performance on words with rare shapes is compared to those with common shapes. There were no effects of shape frequency in either tachistoscopic recognition or lexical-decision tasks. This was true regardless of the degree to which the visual shape cue was supplemented by the nonvisual factors of familiarity and expectancy. Possible reasons why fluent readers ignore word shape are discussed within the framework of a model that assumes that automatic word recognition is mediated by the activation of abstract letter identities.
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We are able to recognize words across considerable changes in font, case, location, and size.
“We are able to recognize words across considerable changes in font , CASE, location , and size.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Paap et al., 1984
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- Authors
- Paap, K. R., Newsome, S. L., & Noel, R. W.
- Affiliations
- New Mexico State University (US)
- ORCID
- Paap, Kenneth R.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 1984
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 413-428
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W2033383733
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- word shape, word recognition, lexical access, mixed cases, lowercase letters, uncertainty reduction, letter identity, familiarity, expectancy, proofreading, tachistoscopic recognition, lexical decision, automatic reading
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Eye Movements, Form Perception, Fovea Centralis, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Reading, Time Factors
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