Cited by 141Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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Word shape's in poor shape for the race to the lexicon

Paap, Kenneth R., Newsome, Sandra L., Noel, Ronald W.·1984·Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.10.3.413

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Abstract

Current models of fluent reading often assume that fast and automatic word recognition involves the use of a supraletter feature corresponding to the envelope or shape of the word when it is printed in lowercase. The advantages of mixed case over pure case and of pure lowercase over pure uppercase have often been taken as evidence favoring the word-shape hypothesis. Alternative explanations for these phenomena are offered. Experiment 1 shows that previous demonstrations of word-shape effects during proofreading are better described as individual letter effects. Experiments 2-4 explore the possibility that word shape facilitates lexical access through uncertainty reduction. In all three experiments performance on words with rare shapes is compared to those with common shapes. There were no effects of shape frequency in either tachistoscopic recognition or lexical-decision tasks. This was true regardless of the degree to which the visual shape cue was supplemented by the nonvisual factors of familiarity and expectancy. Possible reasons why fluent readers ignore word shape are discussed within the framework of a model that assumes that automatic word recognition is mediated by the activation of abstract letter identities.

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Authors: Paap, K. R., Newsome, S. L., & Noel, R. W.
Affiliations: New Mexico State University (US)
ORCID: Paap, Kenneth R.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1984
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 413-428
ISSN: 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
1939-1277
DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.10.3.413
OpenAlex: W2033383733
Cited by: 141
References: 32
Citations by year: 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 5.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: word shape, word recognition, lexical access, mixed cases, lowercase letters, uncertainty reduction, letter identity, familiarity, expectancy, proofreading, tachistoscopic recognition, lexical decision, automatic reading
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Eye Movements, Form Perception, Fovea Centralis, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Reading, Time Factors

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Word shape's in poor shape for the race to the lexicon

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