Cited by 416Cancer survivorship and careChildhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of LifeWomen's cancer prevention and management

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Predicting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors

Bellizzi, Keith M., Blank, Thomas O.·2006·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.47

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Abstract

Wide variability exists with respect to how breast cancer survivors respond to common psychological and psychosocial challenges of their disease, ranging from posttraumatic stress disorder to posttraumatic growth. This cross-sectional study examined contextual, disease-related, and intraindividual predictors of posttraumatic growth in 224 randomly selected breast cancer survivors. A series of hierarchical regression analyses found that age at diagnosis, marital status, employment, education, perceived intensity of disease, and active coping accounted for 34%, 35%, and 28% of the variance in growth in relationships with others, new possibilities, and appreciation for life. These findings suggest that a more comprehensive model of growth will be helpful in understanding the various factors that play a role in breast cancer survivors' perception of psychological and psychosocial growth.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Self-citation
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“Additionally, some authors have analyzed the individual items (e.g., Brain et al., 2008; Hastings et al., 2005; Lee & Liu, 2001), while others have conducted analyses based on the 14 subscales originally proposed (e.g., Bellizzi & Blank, 2006; Jacobson, 2006; Mugavero et al., 2009).”
Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Result
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“6,7 This means that the longer a woman survives from BC, the higher the chances of developing PTG. Previous ﬁ ndings suggest higher PTG development in the womenwhohavestayedforlongerthan5yearsposttreatment comparing women who have survived below 5 years.”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychological Well-Being Increment as Post-Traumatic Growth in Women with Breast Cancer: A Controlled Comparison Design Using Propensity Score Matching
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Method
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BackgroundInfluential
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Self-citation
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Self-citation
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El cambio vital positivo tras un cáncer: Ingredientes, claves para facilitarlo y efectos sobre el bienestar
Ochoa, C., & Casellas‐Grau, A. (2017) · Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers · doi:10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2815 · Cited by 7
Personal Growth and Associated Factors Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Zhao, H., Wu, B., Kong, L., Fan, J., Wang, Q., Li, J., & Mao, J. (2020) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s268069 · Cited by 7
Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de crecimiento postraumático en población mexicana [Psichometric properties of te post-traumatic growth inventory in mexican population]
Berumen, L. D. C. Q., & Ramírez, M. T. G. (2021) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.17.1.25736 · Cited by 9
The other side of suicide loss: the potential role of leisure and meaning-making for suicide survivors
Froese, J., McDermott, L. M., & Iwasaki, Y. (2019) · Annals of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/11745398.2019.1616572 · Cited by 8
“Studies of individuals living with chronic and life-threatening illnesses such as cancer (Bellizzi and Blank 2006), HIV/AIDS (Cadell, Regehr, and Hemsworth 2003), heart disease (Sheikh 2004), and spinal cord injuries (Chun and Lee 2010), as well as those bereaving suicide loss (Feigelman, Jordan, &…”
Background
Post-Traumatic Growth in Oral Cavity Cancer in Relation to Positive Coping Strategies, Hope, and Optimism
Zwahlen, R. A., Rajandram, R. K., & Jenewein, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_47 · Cited by 6
Post Traumatic Growth: Focus on Concepts and Cross-Cultural Measurement Issues
Ho, S. M. Y. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_60-1 · Cited by 6
Posttraumatic Growth in Family Members Living With a Relative Diagnosed With Schizophrenia
Morton, R. D., White, M. J., & Young, R. M. (2013) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2013.863652 · Cited by 6
The Parental Cancer Questionnaire: scale structure, reliability, and validity
Levesque, J. V., & Maybery, D. J. (2013) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-013-1935-z · Cited by 6
Potraumatyczny wzrost - zróżnicowanie ze względu na rodzaj doświadczonego zdarzenia
Ogińska-Bulik, N. J. (2013) · Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Psychologica · doi:10.18778/1427-969x.17.04 · Cited by 5
Respuesta cognitiva y crecimiento postraumático durante el primer año de diagnóstico del cáncer
Gil, F., & Costa‐Requena, G. (2008) · Hispana · doi:10.5209/rev_psic.2008.v5.n1.16339 · Cited by 5
“Un estilo activo de afrontamiento, como la respuesta de búsqueda de información o espíritu de lucha, favorece la búsqueda de significado ante el diagnóstico del cáncer(9,19,20).”
Resilience and workability among breast cancer survivors
Gómez‐Molinero, R., Ruíz-González, P., García, A. Z., & Gil, R. (2019) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2019.n1.v4.1503 · Cited by 5
“Likewise, experimental evidence in the field of psychology has revealed that when women find meaning in the traumatic experience, their psychological adjustment is much more adequate (Bellizzi and Blank, 2006; Scrignaro, Barni, and Magrin, 2010) showing fewer emotional scars after treatments (Aydin, 2008; Salsman, Seg…”
Background
Variables psicológicas positivas en pacientes con cáncer
Guzmán, M. V. C. (2013) · INFORMACIO PSICOLOGICA · doi:10.14635/ipsic.2014.106.2 · Cited by 5
Sintomatología y crecimiento postraumático en estudiantes de educación superior en Chile durante la pandemia por COVID-19
García, F. E., Andrades, M., Rodríguez, F., Díaz, Z., Alarcón, S., Fonseca, I. C. S., & Lucero, C. (2022) · Actualidades en Psicología · doi:10.15517/ap.v36i132.45386 · Cited by 7
The increasing role of psychology health research and interventions and a vision for the future.
Johnson, N. G., & Radcliffe, A. M. (2008) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.39.6.652 · Cited by 4
“Bellizzi and Blank (2006) found that adaptive coping, such as positive reframing, planning, and use of friends, predicted the most posttraumatic psychological benefit in breast cancer survivors.”
Background
A Structural Equation Model of Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Earthquake Victims
Kwak, M. (2019) · Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing · doi:10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.3.345 · Cited by 4
“간접적으로 영향을 미친다는 선행연구[10,16-19]를 바탕으 로 고통 지각, 의도적 .”
Correlates of post-traumatic growth for patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gahane, V., Deshpande, Y., & Goyal, A. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251375310 · Cited by 4
“Numerous psychological studies have analysed the elements contributing to PTG in patients with breast cancer, but the consequences have been inconsistent (Bellizzi and Blank, 2006; Tedeschi and Calhoun, 2004).”
Post-traumatic growth and its influencing factors in first-episode stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
Hu, M., Ban, Y., Li, Z., He, Y., Deng, L., & Xie, X. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03347-y · Cited by 5
“This is consistent with the research by Bellizzi et al. [36], which found a high positive correlation between positive coping strategies and PTG, and demonstrated that positive coping significantly predicts growth.”
Kalp Krizi Sonrası Hayata Farklı Bakmak: Miyokard İnfarktüsü Geçirmiş Hastalarda Travma Sonrası Gelişim
Yıldırım, İ. K., & Di̇ri̇k, G. (2022) · Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.7816/nesne-10-23-10 · Cited by 3
Why Do Adult Patients With Cancer Not Seek Help for Their Depressive Symptoms? The Role of Illness Perceptions, Coping, and Social Support
Bickel, E. A., Fleer, J., Ranchor, A. V., & Schroevers, M. J. (2022) · Cancer Care Research Online · doi:10.1097/cr9.0000000000000034 · Cited by 4
Toplumsal Travma Döneminde Travma Sonrası Gelişim ve Temel İnançlardaki Sarsılmalar
ÖZYANIK, T., & Tarlacı, S. (2023) · Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.51503/gpd.1041345 · Cited by 6
Creciendo en la adversidad. Una revisión del proceso de adaptación al diagnóstico de cáncer y el crecimiento postraumático
Campos-Ríos, M. D. M. (2013) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v6i1.13270 · Cited by 4
Stimmlich enkodierte emotionale Erregung (Voice Stress) und Posttraumatische Reifung sowie Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bei Partnern von Brustkrebspatientinnen im Kontext der sozialen Unterstützung
Zimmermann, T., Krüger, J., & Weusthoff, S. (2017) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-108193 · Cited by 4
Exploring narratives on PTG in cancer patients in active vs remission phases of disease: what about a peritraumatic growth?
Fioretti, C., Faggi, D., & Caligiani, L. (2020) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13338 · Cited by 5
The Relationship between Adult Interpersonal Traumatic Experience and Posttraumatic Growth : The Multiple Mediating Effect of Optimism and Quality of Relationship
박은아 (2015) · Korean Journal of Social Welfare · doi:10.20970/kasw.2015.67.1.011 · Cited by 4
Using Hierarchical Multivariate Analysis to Examine Interactions Between Alternative Appraisals of Cancer and Virtual Health Support Among Middle-Aged and Older Internet Users
Seçkin, G. (2012) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027512460692 · Cited by 4
“…the term positive self-reappraisal to indicate that the outcome of coping with cancer might result in self-discovery and perceived positive changes in sense of self (Bellizi & Blank, 2006; Koopman et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2006; Tomich et al., 2005; Widows, Jacobsen, Booth-Jones, & Fields, 2005).”
Background
The Effects of Perceived Threat, Optimism and Meaning in Life on Cancer Patient's Posttraumatic Growth
Jeon, B. R., & Choi, Y. (2016) · Korean Journal of Stress Research · doi:10.17547/kjsr.2016.24.1.1 · Cited by 4
The Mediating Effects of Emotional Clarity, Deliberate Rumination, and Problem-focused Coping in the link between Resilience and Adversarial Growth
홍혜영, & 노치경 (2016) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.17.6.201612.1 · Cited by 4
The effect of physical education and sports program on the positive growth and coping strategies of the adolescent with mental retardation
Kırımoğlu, H., Çokluk, G. F., İLHAN, L., & Öz, A. Ş. (2016) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/20162601086 · Cited by 5
“support for including coping in models of psychological growth [3, 22, 5, 24, 25].”
Method
A daganatos betegségek Janus arca: a poszttraumás növekedés jelensége
Zsigmond, O., Rigó, A., & Bányai, E. I. (2017) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.18.2017.007 · Cited by 3
POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH IN ADULT CANCER PATIENTS: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Ramos, C., Pimenta, F., Costa, M., Santos, A. I., Rudnicki, T., Leal, I. M. P., & Patrão, I. (2018) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/18psd190201 · Cited by 3
“…this model, suggesting that PTG is predicted by the following variables: sociodemographic (e.g. age, educational level, income, marital status) (Bellizzi & Blank, 2006; Cordova et al., 2007; Danhauer et Catarina Ramos, Filipa Pimenta, Ivone Patrão, Margarida Costa, Ana Isabel Santos, Tânia…”
BackgroundInfluential
Investigating the Relationships among Leisure, Coping, and Personal Growth among People with Physical Disabilities
Kim, J., Kim, J., Lee, C., Kil, N., & Lee, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2021.016321 · Cited by 3
Posttraumatic Growth in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis Study
Ahmadi, A., Heidarzadeh, A., Hosseinzadeh, A., & Forouzi, M. A. (2022) · Majallah-i dānishgāh-i ̒ulum-i pizishkī-i Kirmān. · doi:10.34172/jkmu.2022.60 · Cited by 3
“While cancer-related stress may damage individual and family psychological health it may also cause positive psychological changes (4,12,13).”
Background
Posttr aumatic Growth in Female Sexual Assault Survivors
Mason, J. R. (2013) · Cited by 3

Authors: Bellizzi, K. M., & Blank, T. O.
Affiliations: University of Connecticut (US)
ORCID: Bellizzi, Keith M.
Blank, Thomas O.
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-56
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.47
OpenAlex: W2069738126
Cited by: 416
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 11.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
Keywords: posttraumatic growth, breast cancer survivors, predictors of growth, age at diagnosis, marital status, employment, active coping, psychosocial adjustment, post-traumatic stress disorder
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Connecticut, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Survivors

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Predicting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors

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