Cited by 925Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismLanguage Development and DisordersCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

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Bialystok, Ellen, Craik, Fergus, Luk, Gigi·2008·Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition

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Abstract

Ninety-six participants, who were younger (20 years) or older (68 years) adults and either monolingual or bilingual, completed tasks assessing working memory, lexical retrieval, and executive control. Younger participants performed most of the tasks better than older participants, confirming the effect of aging on these processes. The effect of language group was different for each type of task: Monolinguals and bilinguals performed similarly on working memory tasks, monolinguals performed better on lexical retrieval tasks, and bilinguals performed better on executive control tasks, with some evidence for larger language group differences in older participants on the executive control tasks. These results replicate findings from individual studies obtained using only 1 type of task and different participants. The confirmation of this pattern in the same participants is discussed in terms of a suggested explanation of how the need to manage 2 language systems leads to these different outcomes for cognitive and linguistic functions.

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Self-citation

Authors: Bialystok, E., Craik, F., & Luk, G.
Affiliations: York University (CA)
Rotman Research Institute (CA)
ORCID: Bialystok, Ellen
Craik, Fergus
Luk, Gigi
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008
Volume: 34
Issue: 4
Pages: 859-873
ISSN: 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
1939-1285
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.859
OpenAlex: W2144440751
Semantic Scholar: 2db0c6e9b5e6c25d0b0340d76ecef4edd7d5fe8f
Cited by: 925
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 51
FWCI: 14.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2009-04-20)
Open access: green
nrs.harvard.edu
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-57842)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: bilingualism, aging, cognitive control, executive function, word retrieval, lexical access, working memory, older adults, monolinguals, bilingual advantage
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aging, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Vocabulary, Multilingualism

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Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

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