Executive control in a modified antisaccade task: Effects of aging and bilingualism.
Abstract
Two studies are reported that assess differences associated with aging and bilingualism in an executive control task. Previous work has suggested that bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in nonlinguistic tasks involving executive control; the major purpose of the present article is to ascertain which aspects of control are sensitive to the bilingual experience. Study 1 used an antisaccade task and found no effects of aging or bilingualism. Study 2 used the identical visual display but coupled to keypress responses. The results showed that bilinguals resolved various types of response conflict faster than monolinguals and that this bilingual advantage generally increased with age. A speculative interpretation of this pattern of results is offered in conclusion.
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On task-switching tasks, bilinguals typically outperform monolinguals, though the specific components (mixing costs/set shifting vs local switch costs/response switching) vary across studies.
“Not surprisingly, these tasks are typically performed better by bilinguals than by monolinguals, although the details of those performances are not yet well understood: Some studies report bilingual advantages on mixing costs indicating set shifting [86, 106] while others report the advantage in local switch costs indicating response switching [80,119].”
From Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain (2012) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Ryan, J.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- Rotman Research Institute (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1341-1354
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- OpenAlex
- W2007994902
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 8.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- executive function, antisaccade task, aging, bilingualism, bilingual advantage, response conflict, keypress response, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Color Perception, Conflict, Psychological, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Problem Solving, Reaction Time, Saccades, Set, Psychology, Multilingualism
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