The role of cognitive stimulation on the relations between age and cognitive functioning.
Abstract
To make a convincing argument that cognitive stimulation moderates age trends in cognition there must be (a) a negative relation between age and level of cognitive stimulation, (b) a positive relation between level of cognitive stimulation and level of cognitive functioning, and (c) evidence of an interaction between age and cognitive stimulation in the prediction of cognitive functioning. These conditions were investigated in a study in which 204 adults between 20 and 91 years of age completed an activity inventory and performed a variety of cognitive tasks. Only the 1st condition received empirical support, and, thus, the results of this study provide little evidence for the hypothesis that cognitive stimulation preserves or enhances cognitive functioning that would otherwise decline.
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Salthouse et al. (2002) found Age-Activity interactions for crystallized intelligence but dismissed them as acculturation effects not paralleled in fluid intelligence and working memory.
“Salthouse et al. (2002) actually found Age -Activity interactions for crystallized intelligence but dismissed them as acculturation effects that were not paralleled in measures of fluid intelligence, working memory, and the like.”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Salthouse et al. (2002)
Cites
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.197 · Cited by 2,517 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Several studies have reported small negative correlations between age and the Need for Cognition scale and small positive correlations between the scale and various cognitive measures (see review in Cacioppo et al., 1996).”
BackgroundSchooler, C., Mulatu, M. S., & Oates, G. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.3.483 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Can decline in adult intellectual functioning be reversed?
Schaie, K. W., & Willis, S. L. (1986) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.22.2.223 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
New neurons in old brains: learning to survive?
Greenough, W. T., Cohen, N. J., & Juraska, J. M. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/6300 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
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An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia
Fratiglioni, L., Paillard-Borg, S., & Winblad, B. (2004) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(04)00767-7 · Cited by 2,135 · see citing works
Hertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Mental Exercise and Mental Aging: Evaluating the Validity of the “Use It or Lose It” Hypothesis
Salthouse, T. A. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00005.x · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Self-citationMental work demands, retirement, and longitudinal trajectories of cognitive functioning.
Fisher, G. G., Stachowski, A., Infurna, F. J., Faul, J. D., Grosch, J., & Tetrick, L. E. (2014) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035724 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Physical and Cognitive Activity and Exercise for Older Adults: A Review
Hogan, M. (2005) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ptg9-xdvm-yeta-mkxa · Cited by 156 · see citing works
- Authors
- Salthouse, T. A., Berish, D. E., & Miles, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 548-557
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2009817817
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cognitive stimulation, cognitive aging, age-related cognitive decline, cognitive function, activity level, cognitive preservation, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Task Performance and Analysis
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