Mental work demands, retirement, and longitudinal trajectories of cognitive functioning.
Open accessAbstract
Age-related changes in cognitive abilities are well-documented, and a very important indicator of health, functioning, and decline in later life. However, less is known about the course of cognitive functioning before and after retirement and specifically whether job characteristics during one's time of employment (i.e., higher vs. lower levels of mental work demands) moderate how cognition changes both before and after the transition to retirement. We used data from n = 4,182 (50% women) individuals in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study in the United States, across an 18 year time span (1992-2010). Data were linked to the O*NET occupation codes to gather information about mental job demands to examine whether job characteristics during one's time of employment moderates level and rate of change in cognitive functioning (episodic memory and mental status) both before and after retirement. Results indicated that working in an occupation characterized by higher levels of mental demands was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning before retirement, and a slower rate of cognitive decline after retirement. We controlled for a number of important covariates, including socioeconomic (education and income), demographic, and health variables. Our discussion focuses on pathways through which job characteristics may be associated with the course of cognitive functioning in relation to the important transition of retirement. Implications for job design as well as retirement are offered.
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Having a mentally stimulating job and engaging in other mentally stimulating activities may also help build cognitive reserve.
“Having a mentally stimulating job and engaging in other mentally stimulating activities may also help build cognitive reserve.[154][155][156][157]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [157]
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- Authors
- Fisher, G. G., Stachowski, A., Infurna, F. J., Faul, J. D., Grosch, J., & Tetrick, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Stout (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fisher, Gwenith G.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-242
- ISSN
- 1076-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1307
- PMC
- PMC4663987
- OpenAlex
- W2325720452
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 43.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG027010 and R37 AG007137, U01AG009740)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- retirement, cognitive function, cognitive decline, episodic memory, mental status, job characteristics, job demands, aging, job design, older adults, retirement transition
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Employment, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Retirement, Stress, Psychological
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