Cited by 192Cognitive Abilities and TestingAging and Gerontology ResearchPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Adult age and digit symbol substitution performance: a meta-analysis

Hoyer, William J., Stawski, Robert S., Wasylyshyn, Christina, Verhaeghen, Paul·2004·Psychology and Aging

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Abstract

This article reports the results of a meta-analysis of the effects of age, education, and estimated year of measurement on scores from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Analysis of effect sizes for age reported in 141 studies published between 1986 and 2002 indicated a mean standardized difference of -2.07. Age accounted for 86% of the variance in a regression model using age, education, and year submitted as predictors of Digit Symbol scores. There was no association between years of education or year submitted and Digit Symbol scores for younger adults or older adults.

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Authors: Hoyer, W. J., Stawski, R. S., Wasylyshyn, C., & Verhaeghen, P.
Affiliations: Syracuse University (US)
ORCID: Stawski, Robert S.
Wasylyshyn, Christina
Verhaeghen, Paul
Venue: Psychology and Aging
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2004
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 211-214
ISSN: 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
1939-1498
DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.211
OpenAlex: W2072019602
Cited by: 192
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 0.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG-11451, R01AG011451)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: Digit Symbol Substitution Test, age effects, cognitive aging, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WAIS-R, educational attainment, intelligence test performance, older adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Cognition, Humans, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Wechsler Scales

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Adult age and digit symbol substitution performance: a meta-analysis

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