Cited by 615Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA): Comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Grös, Daniel F., Antony, Martin M., Simms, Leonard J., McCabe, Randi E.·2007·Psychological Assessment

DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.369

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA; M. J. Ree, C. MacLeod, D. French, & V. Locke, 2000) was designed to assess cognitive and somatic symptoms of anxiety as they pertain to one's mood in the moment (state) and in general (trait). This study extended the previous psychometric findings to a clinical sample and validated the STICSA against a well-published measure of anxiety, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; C. D. Spielberger, 1983). Patients (N=567) at an anxiety disorders clinic were administered a battery of questionnaires. The results of confirmatory factor analyses (Bentler-Bonnett nonnormed fit index, comparative fit index, and Bollen fit index>.90; root-mean-square error of approximation<.05); convergent and discriminant validity analyses; and group comparisons supported the reliability and validity of the STICSA as a measure of state and trait cognitive and somatic anxiety. In addition, compared with the STAI (anxiety: rs</=.52; depression: rs>/=.64), the STICSA was more strongly correlated with another measure of anxiety (rs>/=.67) and was less strongly correlated with a measure of depression (rs</=.61). These findings suggest that the STICSA may be a purer measure of anxiety symptomatology than is the STAI.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.369

Cites

54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
Untitled work
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research
Brown, T. A. (2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2769 · Cited by 15,621
The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424 · Cited by 12,298
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195
Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309 · Cited by 6,567

Show all 56 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 608

Ethnic differences in the links between benefit finding and psychological adjustment in people living with HIV
Fekete, E. M., Chatterton, M., Skinta, M. D., & Williams, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9715-0 · Cited by 8
Acoso escolar y ansiedad social en niños (I): análisis de su relación y desarrollo de nuevos instrumentos de evaluación
Caballo, V. E., Martínez, B. A., Calderero, M., Salazar, I. C., & Muñiz, M. J. I. (2011) · Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud · Cited by 8
An Examination of Feedback Seeking in Individuals With Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, or No History of Mental Disorder Using a Daily Diary Method
Wilson, G. A., Koerner, N., & Antony, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.32.1.15 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia decreases the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep
Cudney, L. E., Green, S. M., McCabe, R. E., & Frey, B. N. (2024) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0819 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Attention control mediates the relationship between mental imagery vividness and emotion regulation
Andries, M., Robert, A. J. A., Lyons, A. L., Rawliuk, T., Li, J., & Greening, S. G. (2024) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2024.103766 · Cited by 12
Don’t start what you can’t stop: Differentiating individual differences in ruminative onset and ruminative persistence, and their contributions to dysphoria.
Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0033876 · Cited by 7
Photoelectric Stimulation of Defined Ear Points (Smokex-Pro Method) as an Aid for Smoking Cessation: A Prospective Observational 2-Year Study with 156 Smokers in a Primary Care Setting
Breivogel, B., Vuthaj, B., Krumm, B., Hummel, J., Cornell, D. G., & Diehl, A. (2011) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000329717 · Cited by 7
Avoidance of mild threat observed in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) using eye tracking
Nelson, A. L., Quigley, L., Carriere, J. S. A., Kalles, E., Smilek, D., & Purdon, C. L. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102577 · Cited by 8
Comparing the Effects of Affect- Regulated Green and Indoor Exercise on Psychological Distress and Enjoyment in University Undergraduate Students: A Pilot Study
Carter, E., Bird, M. T., & Jackman, P. C. (2022) · Journal for Advancing Sport Psychology in Research · doi:10.55743/000016 · Cited by 8
Changes in birth-related pain perception impact of neurobiological and psycho-social factors
Berlit, S., Lis, S., Häfner, K., Kleindienst, N., Baumgärtner, U., Treede, R., Sütterlin, M., & Schmahl, C. G. (2017) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4605-4 · Cited by 7
“Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores suggesting greater levels of anxiety [24, 25].”
The role of arousal in boundary judgement errors
Green, D. M., Wilcock, J. A., & Takarangi, M. K. T. (2019) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-019-00914-8 · Cited by 8
Preliminary Findings for Group Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy for Affective Disorders Among Youths
Grös, D. F., Merrifield, C., Hewitt, J., Elcock, A., Rowa, K., & McCabe, R. E. (2020) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20200003 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
A Lexical Approach to Assessing Stress: Development and Proof-of-Concept
Driskell, T., Eduardo Salas, A., Burke, C. S., & Driskell, J. E. (2021) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208211045167 · Cited by 7
Measuring the perceptual, physiological and environmental factors that impact stress in the construction industry
Newton, S. (2022) · Construction Innovation · doi:10.1108/ci-02-2022-0040 · Cited by 8
Comparing Smartphone Virtual Reality Exposure Preparation to Care as Usual in Children Aged 6 to 14 Years Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Protocol for a Multicenter, Observer-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
van Spaendonck, Z., Leeuwenburgh, K. P., Dremmen, M. H. G., van Schuppen, J., Starreveld, D. E. J., Dierckx, B., & Legerstee, J. S. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/41080 · Cited by 7
“The STAI-C is a widely used and validated self-report instrument for measuring state and trait anxiety [24].”
Convergence of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Friendship Dyads
Grös, D. F., Milanak, M. E., & Hershenberg, R. (2013) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.10.1061 · Cited by 7
“The measures of cognitive symptoms included the MASA subscale of thought avoidance (MASA-TA) and the STICSA subscale for cognitive symptoms (STICSA-C; Gros et al., 2007; Ree, French, MacLeod, & Locke, 2008).”
MethodSelf-citation
Personality Affects Memory Performance and Psychological Well-Being in Investigative Interviews: A Therapeutic Jurisprudential Approach
Madsen, K., & Holmberg, U. (2015) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2014.986838 · Cited by 9
Measuring mathematics anxiety: Paper 1 - developing a construct model
Cavanagh, R., & Sparrow, L. (2010) · eSpace (Curtin University) · Cited by 7
Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Therapeutic Strategies for Improvement of State-Trait Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Iranian Infertile Women With Sexual Dysfunctions
Pasha, H., Basirat, Z., Faramarzi, M., & Kheirkhah, F. (2017) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 7
Ethnic status and engagement with health services: Attitudes toward help-seeking and intercultural willingness to interact among South East Asian students in Australia
Logan, S., Steel, Z., & Hunt, C. J. (2017) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461517696437 · Cited by 7
Effects of Anger on Interpretation Bias, Negative Beliefs about Uncertainty, and Worry Catastrophizing: An Experimental Study
Deschênes, S. S., Dugas, M. J., Anderson, K. G., & Gouin, J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.042814 · Cited by 9
Memory for non-painful auditory items is influenced by whether they are experienced in a context involving painful electrical stimulation
Vogt, K. M., Norton, C. M., Speer, L. E., Tremel, J. J., Ibinson, J. W., Reder, L. M., & Fiez, J. A. (2019) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05534-x · Cited by 6
Efficacy of Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy Across the Affective Disorders
Grös, D. F. (2019) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190007 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Decision-making in single and multiple-screen CCTV surveillance
Stainer, M. J., Raj, P. V., Aitken, B. M., Bandarian‐Balooch, S., & Boschen, M. J. (2021) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103383 · Cited by 8
Effect of specific melodic scales of Indian music in reducing state and trait anxiety: A randomized clinical trial
Kunikullaya, K. U., Kunnavil, R., Goturu, J., Vijayadas, M., Prakash, V. S., & Murthy, N. S. (2021) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/03057356211055509 · Cited by 7
Anxiety after Sympathectomy in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis may prolong the duration of compensatory hyperhidrosis
Qian, K., Feng, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, R., Tan, Q., & Deng, B. (2018) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-018-0736-3 · Cited by 7
“, how a person is feeling at the time of a perceived threat) [16].”
Background
Emotional reactivity and explicit emotional memory biases in major depressive disorder during euthymia
Bogie, B. J. M., Kapczinski, F. P., McCabe, R. E., McKinnon, M. C., & Frey, B. N. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112847 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Role of the central autonomic nervous system intrinsic functional organisation and psychosocial factors in primary microvascular angina and Takotsubo syndrome
Cattaneo, M. M., Pravatà, E., Provenzi, M., Moccetti, M., Kaelin‐Lang, A., Sudano, I., Biasucci, L. M., Gallino, C., Limoni, C., Calanchini, C., et al. (2020) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2020-001315 · Cited by 7
Differentiation of self, anxiety, triangling and distress: A test of Bowen theory
Murdock, N. L., Flynn, M. C., & Bresin, R. C. (2022) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12845 · Cited by 11
Psychometric properties of the PSWQ in a sample of pregnant and postpartum women
Inness, B. E., Furtado, M., Barrett, E. S., Stallwood, E., Streiner, D. L., McCabe, R. E., & Green, S. M. (2023) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2023.2209101 · Cited by 8
“The STICSA has demonstrated excellent validity and reliability (Grös et al., 2007).”
Self-citation
The Presence of a Pet Dog Is Associated with a More Balanced Response to a Social Stressor
Gandenberger, J., Ledreux, A., Taeckens, A., Murphy, K., Forkin, J., Gilmore, A., & Morris, K. N. (2024) · Stresses · doi:10.3390/stresses4030038 · Cited by 6
The Correlation Between Emotionality Changes and Alcohol Consumption in Young Persons: A Pilot Study
Mitincu-Caramfil, S.-D., Moroianu, L.-A., Brădeanu, A. V., Isailă, O.-M., Curis, C., & Drima, E. P. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13090987 · Cited by 6
“The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [19] offers a numeric indicator of depressive symptoms, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [20] measures state anxiety (S) and trait anxiety (STAI_T), where higher scores indicate accentuated anxiety.”
A Functional Adenosine Deaminase Polymorphism Associates with Evening Melatonin Levels and Sleep Quality
Tartar, J. L., Hiffernan, F. S., Freitas, K. E., Fins, A. I., & Banks, J. (2021) · Journal of Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.5334/jcr.209 · Cited by 9
The Effect of Odour Valence and Odour Detection Threshold on the Withholding and Cancellation of Reach-to-Press Responses
Albayay, J., Castiello, U., & Parma, V. (2021) · Chemosensory Perception · doi:10.1007/s12078-021-09292-5 · Cited by 6
Subjective assessments of cognition and affect and their relationship with objective performance: Individuals with high levels of cognitive failures or negative affect miss more rare visual targets.
Goodhew, S. C., & Edwards, M. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001294 · Cited by 6
Cognitive symptoms link anxiety and depression within a validation of the German State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA)
Overmeyer, R., & Endraß, T. (2023) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.9753 · Cited by 6
“The STICSA considers the multidimensionality of anxiety, as well as the need to differentiate it from depressive symptoms (Elwood et al., 2012; Grös et al., 2007; Ree et al., 2008).”
Background
Procrastination is Detrimental to Undergraduate Students’ Self-Rated Creativity: The Mediating Role of State Anxiety
Lim, J.-W., Phang, J., Low, M.-Y., & Tan, C. (2017) · Creativity Theories – Research – Applications · doi:10.1515/ctra-2017-0005 · Cited by 6
Reliability and Validity of the Current Anxiety Level Measure
Marris, M., Sladyk, K., Pierre, B. S., & Dey, E. C. (2017) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2017.1312662 · Cited by 4
Cognitive Predictors of Parental Rescue Behavior and Malleability of Behavior Using a Brief Psychoeducation Intervention
Francis, S. M. S., Tone, E. B., Caporino, N. E., Tully, E. C., & Cohen, L. L. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0843-3 · Cited by 6
Nomophobia an Emerging Fear: An Experimental Exploration among University Students
Batool, I., & Zahid, A. (2019) · Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) · doi:10.32879/pjpbs.2019.5.1.67 · Cited by 8
Assessment of anxiety and health-related quality of life in patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Güzelhan, Y., Öztaş, D. M., Conkbayır, C., Rodoplu, O., Erdinç, İ., Canbay, Ç., Uğurlucan, M., Alpagut, U., & Bozbuğa, N. (2020) · Archives of Medical Science - Atherosclerotic Diseases · doi:10.5114/amsad.2020.97728 · Cited by 6
“The STAI tests diagnose the level of anxiety and distinguishes it from depressive syndromes [23].”
Background
Intolerance of uncertainty and novelty facilitated extinction: The impact of reinforcement schedule
Wake, S. J., Dodd, H. F., & Morriss, J. (2021) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12538 · Cited by 5
Human creativity escapes in the struggle against threat: Evidence from neural mechanisms
Yin, J., Hu, Y., Li, Q., & Luo, J. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108359 · Cited by 7
Comparison of perioperative stress in patients undergoing thyroid surgery with and without neuromonitoring—a pilot study
Babińska, D., Barczyński, M., Osęka, T., Śledziński, M., & Łachiński, A. J. (2016) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-016-1457-5 · Cited by 6
Black American College Students Report Higher Memory of Love for Mothers in Childhood Than White Students
Patihis, L., Jackson, C. E., Diaz, J. C., Stepanova, E. V., & Herrera, M. E. (2018) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118772549 · Cited by 6
UNA REVISIÓN DE LAS RELACIONES ENTRE EL ACOSO ESCOLAR Y LA ANSIEDAD SOCIAL
Calderero, M., Salazar, I. C., & Caballo, V. E. (2011) · Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud · Cited by 6
Experimentally-induced and real-world acute anxiety have no effect on goal-directed behaviourPreprint
Gillan, C. M., Vaghi, M. M. S., Hezemans, F. H., van Ghesel, G. S., Dafflon, J., Brühl, A. B., Savulich, G., & Robbins, T. W. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/606145 · Cited by 6
“71 (40)) and is thus thought to be more reflective of trait than state anxiety.”
Background
Tolerability, assessment, and prediction of psilocybin-induced altered states of consciousness
Studerus, E. (2012) · University of Zurich · doi:10.5167/uzh-164092 · Cited by 6
The Museum as a Mindful Space: Reducing Visitors’ Stress and Anxiety Levels Through the ASBA Protocol
Banzi, A., Sacco, P. L., Vanutelli, M. E., & Lucchiari, C. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16010116 · Cited by 5
Anxiety related distractibility deficits: too much smartphone use is not such a smart call
Edwards, E. J., McLeod, G., Vaughan, R. S., & Khan, A. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2274891 · Cited by 7
No evidence for a link between mental health symptoms and pain thresholds
Böhme, R. A., Banellis, L., Vejlø, M., Allen, M., & Fardo, F. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2534858 · Cited by 6
“To validate the integrity of the STICSA’s structure in our Danish translation, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis using our current dataset.”
Influential
Anxious individuals predict the onset of aggression earlier in a CCTV surveillance task.
Aitken, B. M., Champion, J. C., & Stainer, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/xap0000199 · Cited by 5
Transfer anxiety in critical care patients and their caregivers
Tonkuş, M. B., Doğan, S., & Atayoğlu, A. T. (2020) · Family practice and palliative care · doi:10.22391/fppc.787056 · Cited by 5
Problematic behaviours associated with generalized anxiety disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A thematic analysis
Inness, B. E., McCabe, R. E., & Green, S. M. (2022) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12410 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Metacognitive beliefs predict test anxiety and examination performance
Huntley, C. D., Young, B., Smith, C. T., & Fisher, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1051304 · Cited by 14
Confrontation with others' emotions changes bodily resonance differently in those with low and high levels of depersonalization
Gillmeister, H., Šmate, I., Savva, D., Li, H., Parapadakis, C., & Adler, J. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0248 · Cited by 5
“…’ ) and somatic (anxiety-related bodily feelings, such as ‘ My face feels hot ’ ) subscales, totalling 21 statements related to thoughts/feelings experienced ‘ these days ’ and asking participants to rate them on frequency using a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so) [60].”
Anxiety reactivity and anxiety perseveration represent dissociable dimensions of anxiety vulnerability: A replication and extension
Rudaizky, D., & MacLeod, C. (2013) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12024 · Cited by 5
Determining the impact of age and sex on the psychophysical and neurophysiological response to thermal pain across the adult lifespan
Atalla, S., Cowan, R. L., Anderson, A. R., Dietrich, M. S., Iversen, L., Kalvas, L. B., Moss, K. O., Wright, K., & Monroe, T. B. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14514 · Cited by 4
The paradoxical association between tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies and tension following alcohol consumption
Abrams, K. B., Mei, L., Chen, C. S., Koele, E., Kwan, J., Montes, Z., van Ginkel, M., & Zhou, H. (2021) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2021.1992772 · Cited by 5
Psychobiological effects of an eHealth psychoeducational intervention to informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a pilot study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Solorzano, C. S., Cattane, N., Mega, A., Orini, S., Zanetti, O. O., Chattat, R., Marizzoni, M., Pievani, M., Cattaneo, A., & Festari, C. (2023) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02610-9 · Cited by 5
“The STAI-Y1 refers to the transitory and momentary anxiety experience when the respondent compiled the scale, whereas the STAI-Y2 was related to the general and stable proneness to experience anxiety [33].”
Background
Individual differences in trait anxiety and goal-commitment predict updating efficiency on the reading span task
Edwards, E. J., Edwards, M. S., & Lyvers, M. (2016) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9572-8 · Cited by 5
Predicting body mass index in women: The value of the psychological components of depression, anxiety, dietary restraint, and nutritional habits
Esfahani, B. N., Kolahdouzan, M., Aflakseir, A., & Gharipour, M. (2017) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_247_13 · Cited by 5
“[4‐9] Moreover, both ends of the weight spectrum have been shown to increase the risk of future depression outcomes and suicide.[10,11] These researches may be more important in women due to physiological and endocrinological fluctuations in different periods of their life including; menstrual, pregnancy, and postmeno…”
Background
Using mindfulness meditation intermixed with humor to reduce anxiety among nursing students during clinical practice
O'Brien, D. A. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 5
Emergency Preparedness Self-Efficacy and the Ongoing Threat of Disasters
Burns, K. M. (2014) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 5
The Mental Health Implications of Experiencing Racial/Ethnic Microaggressions Among Latina/os: Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Components
Moore, K. M. (2012) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) · Cited by 5
The Effects Of Chinese Calligraphy On Reducing Anxiety And Comorbid Depression Levels Among Breast Cancer Patients In Hong Kong
Liu, A. (2017) · Digital Commons - Andrews University (Andrews University) · doi:10.32597/dissertations/1636 · Cited by 5
“Respondents are asked to rate themselves on each item on the basis of a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 1, “not at all” to 4, “very much so” for the STAI State and from 1, “almost never,” to 4, “almost always” for the STAI Trait.”
BackgroundInfluential
Development and Validation of the Balanced Inventory of Mindfulness-Related Skills (BIMS)Preprint
Dam, N. T. V., Bilgrami, Z. R., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A. (2018) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/8qdzg · Cited by 5
Reconceptualising Psychopathy
Mihailides, S., Galligan, R. F., & Bates, G. W. (2017) · Journal of Forensic Psychology · doi:10.4172/2475-319x.1000120 · Cited by 3
“For example studies have explored trait and state anxiety [91], and trait and state anger [92].”
Background
Measuring State and Trait Anxiety: An Application of Multidimensional Item Response Theory
Carlucci, L., Innamorati, M., Ree, M. J., D’Ignazio, G., & Balsamo, M. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080628 · Cited by 6
Reducing the burden of psychological questionnaire measures through selective item re-weighting
Wise, T., & Sidarus, N. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.241857 · Cited by 10
“To demonstrate this, we perform exploratory factor analysis on the STICSA, which has an established two-factor structure [24].”
Influential
Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers
Xia, R. J., Chao, T. W.-C., Patel, D. J., & Bedi, G. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120972337 · Cited by 5
Women Undergoing IVF: Mitigating Anxiety and Stress and Building Infertility Self-Efficacy and Resilience Through Mindfulness Care
Pandya, S. P. (2023) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2023.2206400 · Cited by 6
Finding neural correlates of depersonalisation/derealisation disorder via explainable CNN-based analysis guided by clinical assessment scores
Salami, A., Andreu-Pérez, J., & Gillmeister, H. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102755 · Cited by 4
“In addition to the CDS, participants' levels of depression and anxiety were also recorded based on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) [26] and State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) [27], respectively.”
A novel anxiety-associated SNP identified in LYNX2 (LYPD1) is associated with decreased protein binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Anderson, K., Cao, W., Lee, H. S., Crenshaw, M. A., Palumbo, T. B., Fisher-Perez, E., DeGraaf, A., Rogu, P., Beatty, M. A., Gracias, G. M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1347543 · Cited by 4
Efficacy of small-diameter core decompression with platelet-rich plasma in early osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a retrospective study
Tang, H., Lai, Y., Zhao, E., Zhou, K., Chen, G., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-08243-x · Cited by 4
“Before surgery and at each follow-up we used Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Harris Hip score (HHS), Charnley score, SF-36, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) [48], and State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) [49] to assess hip pain, function, quality of life, and psychological status of patients.”
Emotion
Arciniegas, D. B. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139016919.020 · Cited by 4
Transdiagnostic mental health symptom dimensions predict use of flexible model-based inference in complex environments
Wise, T., Sookud, S., Michelini, G., & Mobbs, D. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03922-w · Cited by 7
“…(AQ10 [26]), ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS [26]), Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE [27]), Externalising Symptom Inventory Short Form (ESI-SF [28]), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5 [29]), and State Trait Inventory of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety Trait scale (STICSA-T [30]).”
The Impact of Thought Speed and Variability on Psychological State and Threat Perception: Further Exploration of the Theory of Mental Motion
Rosser, B. A., & Wright, K. A. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9753-5 · Cited by 4
“1 Three additional measures respectively assessing trait vulnerability towards mania (Hypomanic Personality Scale; Eckblad and Chapman 1986), anxiety (State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety; Grös et al. 2007), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire; Gillanders et al.”
Background
Binge Eating Disorder in DSM-5
Young, K. P. D., Lavender, J. M., Wilson, G. T., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2012) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20121105-06 · Cited by 4
Life stress and background anxiety are not associated with resting metabolic rate in healthy adults
Wilson, P. B., Wynne, J. L., Ehlert, A., & Mowfy, Z. (2020) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2019-0875 · Cited by 4
DISTRESS TOLERANCE AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATION BETWEEN STRESS MINDSET AND ANXIETY
Alker, L., & Radstaak, M. (2024) · ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.54615/2231-7805.47345 · Cited by 4
“The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a 20-item self-administered questionnaire measuring state and trait anxiety exhibiting an excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and concurrent, discriminant, construct and convergent validity for the trait scale [24,25].”
Background
Acute stress improves analogical reasoning: examining the roles of stress hormones and long-term memory
Smith, A. M., Elliott, G., Hughes, G. I., Feinn, R., & Brunyé, T. T. (2020) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546783.2020.1819416 · Cited by 6
“To assess state anxiety and stress at various points throughout the experiment, we administered the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA), which has been validated as a reliable measure of state and trait cognitive and somatic anxiety (Gr€os et al., 2007).”
Method
Preprocedural Anxiety in the Transradial Cardiac Catheterization Era
Fernandez, R. S., Ellwood, L., Lord, H., Curtis, E., Khoo, J. K., Lee, A., & Weaver, J. C. (2021) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000812 · Cited by 4
“State anxiety refers to anxiety in themoment, whereas trait anxiety is the general everyday anxiety an individual experiences.(34) The A-State and A-Trait scales comprise 20 items each, scored on a 4-point Likert-type response scale.”
Background
Comparison of Accelerated Resolution Therapy for PTSD Between Veterans With and Without Prior PTSD Treatment
Pang, T., Murn, L. T., Williams, D., Lawental, M., Abhayakumar, A., & Kip, K. E. (2021) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usab335 · Cited by 5
High and low worriers do not differ in unstimulated resting-state brain connectivity
Weber-Goericke, F., & Muehlhan, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28333-5 · Cited by 4
No association between error‐related ERP s and trait anxiety in a nonclinical sample: Convergence across analytical methods including mass‐univariate statistics
Chen, Z., & Itier, R. J. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14645 · Cited by 5
Investigating predictors of trauma induced data-driven processing and its impact on attention bias and free recall
Corrigan, J., Hanna, D., & Dyer, K. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246582000048x · Cited by 5
“The STAI has also shown convergent validity in demonstrating significant correlations with other anxiety measures (Grös et al., 2007).”
Background
Investigation of Anxiety and Burn-Out in Medical and Nursing Staff of Public Hospitals of Peloponnese
Tsironi, M., Malliarou, M. M., Alikari, V., & Zyga, S. (2014) · Cited by 4
Distress Tolerance, Experiential Avoidance, and Negative Affect: Implications for Understanding Eating Behavior and BMI
Mullane, C. (2011) · Cited by 4
A preliminary mechanistic test of the effects of light therapy in bulimia nervosa
Young, K. D. D., Thiel, A., Goodman, E. L., Murtha-Berg, E., & Johnson, N. K. (2016) · Advances in Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/21662630.2016.1198980 · Cited by 6
“In addition, the STICSA better differentiates anxiety from depression than other short, self-report measures of anxiety (Grös et al., 2007; Ree, French, MacLeod, & Locke, 2008).”
Associations between Coronavirus Crisis Perception, Perceived Economic Risk of Coronavirus, General Self-Efficacy, and Coronavirus Anxiety at the Start of the Pandemic: Differences by Gender and Race
Garcia, S., Hopfer, S., Botes, E., & Greiff, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052872 · Cited by 3
The Effectiveness of Hatha Yoga on Symptoms of Anxiety and Related Vulnerabilities, Mindfulness, and Psychological Wellbeing in Female Health Care Employees
Dunn, K. D. (2009) · doi:10.13021/mars/4253 · Cited by 4
Psychometric and electrodermal activity data from an experimental paradigm of memory encoding with some items periodically followed by painful electric shock
Citro, A. T., Norton, C. M., Pcola, S. J., & Vogt, K. M. (2020) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105669 · Cited by 4
“Measures include the tate Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (CSA), the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale – hort Form 20 (PASS), the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), and the Pain atastrophizing Scale (PCS).”
MethodInfluential
The CogLearn Toolkit for Unity: Validating a virtual reality paradigm for human avoidance learning
Lopez, M. R., Liu, H., Mancinelli, F., Brookes, J., & Bach, D. R. (2025) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-025-02630-5 · Cited by 4
“Upon arrival, and immediately before the experimental session, participants completed a questionnaire on their state anxiety (STICSA-S: Grös et al., 2007; Ree et al., 2008) and physical state (e.g. hunger, thirst, tiredness, etc.).”
Psychometric evaluation of the Japanese Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening postpartum anxiety
Zain, E., Watanabe, Y., Takabayashi, S., Por, L., Fujita, S., Moriyama, S., Honma, A., Fukui, N., & Boku, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1659497 · Cited by 5
Increased generalisation in trait anxiety is driven by aversive value transfer
Verra, L., Spitzer, B., Schuck, N. W., & Zika, O. (2026) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-026-00415-w · Cited by 3
“Further work is warranted to ensure that ﬁ ndings based on trait anxiety apply to clinical populations, keeping in mind that trait anxiety is not a sharply de ﬁ ned construct and overlaps with related traits such as neuroticism, chronic worry and negative affect 61 .”
Pandemic-activated Psychological Growth: Significance of extraversion, self-consciousness and COVID-19 related anxiety
Łoś, Z., Żurko, M., Słowińska, A. M., Senejko, A., & Madeja-Bień, K. (2022) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2022.112945 · Cited by 3
“The distinction between “feel at this moment” and “generally feel” is also used in other tools, such as STICSA (Grös et al., 2007).”
Method
Preliminary evidence for a selective agency-boosting effect of psychosocial stress
Edwards, S., Galang, C. M., Fung, K., Knight, A., & Obhi, S. S. (2025) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2025.103872 · Cited by 3
Assessing future expectations and the two-dimensional model of affect in an Italian population
Corno, G., Molinari, G., & Baños, R. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.037 · Cited by 3
Anxiety Scale For Science Teachers’ Laboratory Work And Teaching: Validity and Reliability Analyses
KAHRAMAN, M., & Polat, D. (2017) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.19171/uefad.369240 · Cited by 3

Authors: Grös, D. F., Antony, M. M., Simms, L. J., & McCabe, R. E.
Affiliations: University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
Toronto Metropolitan University (CA)
St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (CA)
ORCID: Grös, Daniel F.
Antony, Martin M.
Simms, Leonard J.
McCabe, Randi E.
Venue: Psychological Assessment
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 369-381
ISSN: 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
1939-134X
DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.369
OpenAlex: W2118347730
Cited by: 615
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 9.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, anxiety assessment, psychometric validation, anxiety disorders, depression, factor structure
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Anxiety Disorders, Cognition, Depressive Disorder, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Somatoform Disorders, Students, Reproducibility of Results, Discriminant Analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA): Comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks