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Fluid vulnerability theory: a cognitive approach to understanding the process of acute and chronic suicide risk
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“In contrast, dysfunctional self-regulatory processes invite maladaptive responses to acute stressors (e.g., substance use) that can interact with various dynamic factors (e.g., low mood, social isolation) to induce an imminent suicide crisis (Bryan et al., 2020; Rudd, 2006).”
From Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks (2023) · cites this paper as Rudd, 2006
In the citing paper
“Current psychological interventions for suicidal individuals, which are informed by existing theoretical models, have limitations.”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Rudd, 2006
In the citing paper
“It may be, therefore, that these fluctuations in suicide risk and rapid transitions from contemplating suicide to making an attempt are due to psychological processes, which might be different for ideators and attempters (Rudd, 2006; Bryan et al., 2016, 2019).”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Rudd, 2006
In the citing paper
“However, it goes beyond recent theoretical accounts of ambivalence about suicide (Linehan et al., 1983; Jobes, 2006; Rudd, 2006), since we posit that one’s combined reasons for living and reasons for dying are simultaneously associated with distress, due to the loss of control they may entail.”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Rudd, 2006
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Items 301–400 of 436
Ballabrera, Q., & Limonero, J. T. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2598317 · Cited by 3
Анатольевна, С. О., Truevtsev, D. V., & Zhirnova, O. V. (2025) · Psychology and Law · doi:10.17759/psylaw.2025150415 · Cited by 2
Forkmann, T., Teismann, T., Serebriakova, J., Eimen, J., Spahn, C., Omlor, S., Abilgaard, P., Frings, M., Kudling, R., Kuhn, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.061 · Cited by 3
Rudd, M. D., Kratholm, O., Whelan, J. P., Ginley, M. K., Pérez-Muñoz, A., Gleason, V. L., Tuna, B., & Tempchin, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1736329 · Cited by 2
“Fluid vulnerability theory (FVT; 26) posits that suicide risk fl uctuates over very brief periods of time, with discrete episodes of risk and variable thresholds for risk activation of future episodes across individuals depending on developmental, psychological, emotional and situational factors…”
InfluentialSelf-citationKoweszko, T., Gierus, J., Mosiołek, A., Kamiński, M., Janus, M. D., & Szulc, A. (2016) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2016.06.004 · Cited by 2
Karnick, A. T., Caulfield, N. M., Buerke, M. L., Stanley, I. H., Capron, D. W., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2023) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2023.2282374 · Cited by 2
“This would be consistent with the fluid vulnerability theory of suicide, which posits the presence of “suicide modes,” that individuals may enter in which the risk of engaging in suicidal behaviors becomes dramatically increased (Rudd, 2006).”
ResultStubbing, J., Tolin, D. F., Sain, K. S., Everhardt, K., Rudd, M. D., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2024) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2024.2345168 · Cited by 2
“Other suicidal beliefs that have been theorized to play a role in suicide include hopelessness (Bryan & Rudd, 2006), perceiving suicide as an escape (Al-Dajani et al., 2019), and beliefs about the self as unlovable, feelings as unbearable, and life problems as unsolv-able (Rudd & Bryan, 2021).”
Self-citationWalton, T. O., Graupensperger, S. A., Walker, D. D., & Kaysen, D. L. (2024) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15313 · Cited by 2
Mitchell, S. M., Marvin, C., Mitaj, D., & Rogers, M. L. (2024) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.13111 · Cited by 4
Typologies of Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Inpatients with Recent Suicide Attempts
Lord, K. A., Tolin, D. F., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2024) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2024.2405732 · Cited by 2
“The shortened (nine-item) Suicide Cognitions Scale SCS (Bryan et al., 2017); is a self-report that assesses suicide-specific hopelessness rated on a 6-point scale in line with the fluid vulnerability theory (Rudd, 2006).”
McCue, M. L., Allard, C. B., Dalenberg, C. J., & Hauson, A. O. (2024) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2024.2413819 · Cited by 2
“Given that neither model confirmed the structure of the IPTS, future research may consider using Fluid Vulnerability Theory (Rudd, 2006) to conceptualize the construct of suicidality and the complexities of sui-cidogenic thoughts and behaviors.”
Çifci, F., Nikhat, A., & Shen, Y. (2024) · Black Sea Journal of Health Science · doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1509522 · Cited by 2
Li, J., Wang, X., Yan, Y., Li, H., Leong, H. V., Yu, N. X., & Li, Q. (2025) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3701716.3717510 · Cited by 2
“(2 ) they fail to capture the dynamic nature of suicidal risk in a subsequent state, where risk levels can vary significantly over short periods [19].”
Zhou, Y., & Neale, M. C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16856-y · Cited by 4
“…necessarily be considered an acute or precipitating risk factor for suicide, it may impact cognitive, emotional, physiological, and motivational/behavioral systems to increase the baseline risk for suicide and propensity for activation of the suicidal mode , as described in the FVT of suicide 6 .”
Glaesmer, H., Schönfelder, A., & Wagner, B. (2022) · Trauma und Gewalt · doi:10.21706/tg-16-2-92 · Cited by 2
Lubas-Grzyb, A., & Rode, D. (2022) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2022.0015 · Cited by 2
Prevention-Oriented Risk Formulation
Pisani, A. R., Murrie, D. C., Silverman, M. M., & Turner, K. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42003-1_13 · Cited by 3
Perepjolkina, V., Ļubenko, J., Koļesņikova, J., Mārtinsone, K., & Stepens, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences · doi:10.2478/prolas-2019-0055 · Cited by 2
Stress and Suicidal Behavior: A Cognitive, Behavioral, and Biological Integrative Approach
Valderrama, J. (2016) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 2
Le, T.-T., Nguyen, M., & Vuong, Q. (2022) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/qzdx6 · Cited by 2
Rethinking suicide: From pre-Durkheim suicidology to contemporary theoriesPreprint
Nguyen, H. T. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/vq6np · Cited by 2
ÖZ ŞEFKAT İLE İNTİHAR BİLİŞLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: UMUTSUZLUĞUN ARACI ROLÜ
Yücel, M., & Camadan, F. (2024) · Adıyaman üniversitesi sosyal bilimler enstitüsü dergisi/Adıyaman üniversitesi sosyal bilimler enstitisü dergisi · doi:10.14520/adyusbd.1362220 · Cited by 1
Greiner, C., Chen, C., Sabé, M., & Prada, P. (2024) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2024.2411868 · Cited by 1
“…suicide risk assessment, numerous comprehensive clinical models on suicide emerged during the 2010s (Klonsky & May, 2015; o’connor & Kirtley, 2018; Rudd, 2006; van orden et al., 2010; wenzel & Beck, 2008; williams & williams, 2002), with the ideation-to-action framework (interpersonal theory of…”
The Effect of Horror Film on Mental Conditions in Students of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang
Rahmatullah, I. R., Azis, R. E., Pratiwi, R., et al. (2024) · Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (IJoMS) · doi:10.59066/ijoms.v3i2.156 · Cited by 1
Theoretical Underpinnings of Suicide: From Psychological Roots to Positive Remedies
Swati, Walia, D., & Kumar, U. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1403-5_1 · Cited by 1
Subgrouping suicidal ideations: an ecological momentary assessment study in psychiatric inpatients
Homan, S., Roman, Z. J., Ries, A., Santhanam, P., Michel, S., Bertram, A.-M., Klee, N., Berther, C., Blaser, S., Gabi, M., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06861-w · Cited by 1
“This distinction between the two cases is crucial for predicting future SI and determining the most appropriate treatment approach [8].”
Yin, Y., Tong, Y., Zhao, L., & Li, X. (2025) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2025.2507601 · Cited by 1
“However, suicidal ideation and intent fluctuate (Coppersmith et al., 2023), and these fluctuation characteristics may be associated with different suicide risk (Knipe et al., 2022; Rizk et al., 2019; Rudd, 2006).”
Characteristics of Veterans’ Last Clinical Contact Before Suicide Attempt or Death
Raines, A. M., Clausen, B. K., Boffa, J. W., Houtsma, C., Simons, M. P., Ennis, C. R., & McGrew, S. J. (2025) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaf253 · Cited by 1
Jiménez-Molina, Á. (2025) · Depression and personality · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96037-6_2 · Cited by 1
Rex, M., Wærn, M., Carlström, E., Joneken, I., Tell, S., Brezicka, T., & Ali, L. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2025.2549752 · Cited by 2
“Such an orientation aligns with Rudd’s Fluid Vulnerability Theory, which emphasizes the interplay between enduring vulnerabilities—both inherited and acquired—and the situational contexts that may activate them (Rudd & Ellis, 2006).”
Rolin, S. A., Flores, M. G., Caffrey, D., Mootz, J. J., Dixon, L. B., Appelbaum, P. S., Stanley, B., & Pope, L. G. (2025) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-025-01504-6 · Cited by 1
“The behavioral system is the broadest of the four FVT domains, and includes variables such as self-soothing strategies, interpersonal interactions, and substance use (Rudd, 2006; Rugo-Cook et al., 2021).”
InfluentialEkici, F., Güler, H. A., Bayırlı, Ö., Gümüşoluk, T. B., & Kandeğer, A. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251375358 · Cited by 2
“…the nature of suicide—such as interpersonal difficulties, autobiographical memory styles, and sensory gat-ing—provide a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between childhood trauma, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005; Rudd, 2006; Williams et al., 2006).”
An Examination of Measurement Invariance of the Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale
Starkey, A. G., Tucker, R. P., & Hill, R. M. (2025) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.70057 · Cited by 1
Rainbow, E., Russell, A. C., & Melia, R. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.70030 · Cited by 1
Explaining the Link Between PTSD and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis to Introduce the CEASE Framework
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Borderline Personality Disorder in the Courtroom
Lee, J. S. (2020) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2020.1767718 · Cited by 1
“The fluid vulnerability theory (FVT) is an attempt at distinguishing between acute and chronic forms of suicide risk (Rudd, 2006).”
BackgroundBauder, C. R., Hay, J. M., McClung, J. G., Starkey, A. G., & Bryan, C. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.867332 · Cited by 1
Big ideas series: self-regulation shift theory: trauma, suicide, and violence
Benight, C. C., Hurd, J. A., Morison, M., & Ricca, B. (2023) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2023.2242281 · Cited by 3
“Fluid vulnerability theory takes a further step in clarifying the dynamic nature of the self-regulation process underlying suicide (Rudd, 2006).”
BackgroundJanackovski, A., Deane, F. P., Hains, A. R., Kelly, P. J., & Robinson, L. D. (2023) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12512 · Cited by 1
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Suicide and suicidal behaviors: insight into clinical challenges and preventive measures
Pompili, M., Berardis, D. D., Dell’Osso, B. M., Forte, A. M., Innamorati, M., Rogante, E., Sarli, G., Serafini, G., & Amore, M. (2025) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2542764 · Cited by 4
“The necessity of defining the suicide crisis came from the need to delineate a clinical tool able to provide detailed and exhaustive information about the actual risk of attempting suicide in the immediate [37].”
Dackis, M. N., Eisenberg, R. E., Mowrey, W. B., & Pimentel, S. S. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2020.1828006 · Cited by 1
“Differentiating between chronic and acute risk factors in developing youth and understanding temporal changes in risk has been highlighted as ongoing challenges in risk assessment in the field at large (Bryan & Rudd, 2006; Rudd, 2006).”
BackgroundDueweke, A. R., & Bridges, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Health Service Psychology · doi:10.1007/s42843-022-00067-4 · Cited by 1
“As an intervention, safety planning integrates information from well-established theories of suicide (e.g., fluid vulnerability theory of suicide; Rudd, 2006), places a strong emphasis on self-management, takes a skills-based approach, and maintains suicide risk as the central focus.”
MethodA CBT Model for Supervision in the Delivery of Care to Suicidal Individuals
Rudd, M. D., Bryan, C. J., Diefenbach, G. J., & Pérez-Muñoz, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33735-2_7 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMonahan, M. F. (2018) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 1
Rudd, M. D., Schmitz, B., McClenen, R., Joiner, T. E., Elkins, G., & Claassen, C. A. (2016) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t54628-000 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIntroduction to the Special Issue on Posttraumatic Stress and Suicide
Kerig, P. K. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22776 · Cited by 1
Christoforou, C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_3730 · Cited by 1
Subgrouping suicidal ideations: An ecological momentary assessment study in psychiatric inpatientsPreprint
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Self-Esteem and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Meta-Analytic ReviewPreprint
Buecker, S., Doll, J., Diaz, S. A., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/srkmp · Cited by 1
Suicide and Crisis Intervention
Miller, D. N. (2024) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60746-2_15 · Cited by 1
Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescence: the role of suicidal ideation
Ortin‐Peralta, A. (2015) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Graham, R. D. (2014) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
Nytt sätt att förstå suicidalitet?
Beskow, J., & Johnsen, M. S. (2015) · Suicidologi/Nytt i suicidologi · doi:10.5617/suicidologi.1775
Suicide Risk Assessment and Intervention: Considerations for Rehabilitation Providers
Signoracci, G. M., Nazem, S., & Brenner, L. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34034-0_27
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Siddaway, A. P. (2017) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)
Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) Model and Suicide
Smith, A. D., Fondow, M. D. M., & Schreiter, E. Z. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74391-2_8
Hein, C. L. (2018) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Ammendola, E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02723-0_3
Morris-Furman, A. (2019) · London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University)
Understanding the Motivation for Suicide
Brown, J. D. (2019) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) · doi:10.26182/5e8ebaa4c9c8c
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Qiu, T. (2021) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0401400
Suicidal ideation mechanismPreprint
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Le, T.-T., Nguyen, M., & Vuong, Q. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/fhw2e
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The age-old puzzle of suicide: How does the mind get so dark that it wants total obliteration?Preprint
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Suizidalität bei geflüchteten Menschen mit Traumafolgestörungen
Waiblinger, T., Diab, W., Stammel, N., & Böttche, M. (2022) · Trauma und Gewalt · doi:10.21706/tg-16-2-108
Prevention-Oriented Risk Formulation
Pisani, A. R., Murrie, D. C., Silverman, M. M., & Turner, K. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41319-4_13-1
Presenting Issues of Concern among Active-Duty Service Members with Depression and/or Suicidality
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Khám phá tâm lý của bệnh nhân mắc bệnh hiểm nghèo ở Việt NamPreprint
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Vuong, Q., Nguyen, M., Jin, R., & Le, T.-T. (2023) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/26ar5
“Rudd's Fluid Vulnerability Theory (FVT), suicide is not temporally linear but rather dynamic, and thus, suicidal ideation may manifest in episodic patterns (Rudd, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodAthey, A. J., Overholser, J. C., Hernandez, S. C., & Ridley, J. (2023) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2023.2247548
“The present study supports some tenants of the Fluid Vulnerability Theory of suicide (Rudd, 2007), which suggests that suicide attempts alter the pathway to recurrent suicidal behaviours by reducing the threshold at which suicide-speci fi c beliefs are re-activated.”
ResultSchenkel, S., Emmerich, L., Arzapalo, H. D. C., Danböck, S. K., Dietiker, L., El‐Haj‐Mohamad, R., Meyer, C., Sperl, M. F. J., von Wendorff, C., Wallimann, M. S., et al. (2023) · Trauma und Gewalt · doi:10.21706/tg-17-4-296
Eggenberger, L., Spangenberg, L., Genuchi, M. C., & Walther, A. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8dc56
Jin, Y., Woo, S., Kim, K., Kim, S. H., Roh, S., & Kim, S. (2024) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-024-00207-2
“…Therapy (2024) 17:466–485 On the other hand, we believe our study aligns with the established theoretical framework on suicide (Beck et al., 1974; Rudd, 2004, 2006), which emphasizes the exploration of multifaceted intraindividual factors to explain the mechanism underlying suicide attempts.”
Multi-environment prediction of suicidal beliefs
Goddard, A. V., Su, A. Y., Yu, X., & Bryan, C. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1425416 · Cited by 1
Rasmussen, S. A., Kaufman, E. A., Kaniuka, A. R., Meddaoui, B., Miller, R. H., Kinnard, R., Stage, D. L., & Cramer, R. J. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2452465
“While the presence of such negative affective states can be characteristic of someone in a suicide crisis (Rudd, 2006), in inflection point moments, the anticipation of feeling this way may help cease a suicide attempt.”
SUICIDE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN HISTORICAL PROCESS AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
Özen, Y., ÖZEN, N., BÖREKÇİ, T. B., et al. (2024) · Innovare Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijss.2025v12i2.50294
Presseau, C., Fischer, I. C., Aunon, F. M., Webermann, A. R., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2025) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2025.2472558
“…(FVT) posits that the process through which suicidal thought (ideation) progresses to suicidal action (attempt; i.e., ideation-to-action phenomena; Klonsky et al., 2018) occurs synergistically between baseline (i.e., static, nonmodifiable) and acute (i.e., temporal, changing) factors (Rudd, 2006).”
Delivering CPT in the Context of Emotion Dysregulation
Nanney, J. T. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87356-0_3
Maayan, G. M., Page, A., Conroy, E., O’Connor, R. C., Carter, G. L., & Wildman, W. J. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6605926/v1
Yap, S., Bal, M., Youakim, M., Aborawi, A., Pinto, G. D., Samways, K., Beck, A. J., Bright, K. S., Brémault‐Phillips, S., Greenshaw, A. J., et al. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000373
“…be rig-orously tested, reported changes in suicidal states following EMDR align with the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model [49,50] and our hypothesis that EMDR can address the unique memory-based constituents of individuals’ suicidal states [12] and a range of psychiatric symptoms [22].”
InfluentialHu, Y., Da, S., An, Y., Ao, L., & Yang, M. (2025) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2025.2546808
“In addition, in studies of the psychological traits of individuals, the Fluid Vulnerability Theory of Suicide Risk (Rudd, 2006) provides a detailed exposition of the mechanisms underlying the generation and development of suicidal ideation.”
GÖKKAYA, S. C. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08471-x
“From the perspective of FVT, exposure to various stressors and the relationship between these risk factors are adequate in individuals’ tendency to self-harm (Rudd, 2006).”
Knorr, A. C., Wallace, G. T., Schatten, H. T., Prince, M. A., Boudreaux, E. D., Miller, I. W., Camargo, C. A., Conner, B. T., & Arias, S. A. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.10.007
“The fluid vulnerability theory, which focuses on explaining the process of suicidality in the context of prior suicidal episodes and SAs, may provide a framework for conducting future research on near-term attempters (Rudd, 2000, 2006).”
Simulation Networks Elucidate the Preliminary Structure of Suicide Risk Factors Among Adolescents
Tabares, J. V., Muela, A., Ammendola, E., & García‐Ormaza, J. (2025) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.70037 · Cited by 2
Cenkner, D. P., Stevens, S., Lee, S., & Zalta, A. K. (2025) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2025.2573839
“For example, the Fluid Vulnerability Theory of Suicide (Bryan et al., 2020; Rudd, 2006) highlights negative affect as one of four domains that may heighten an individual’s acute risk for suicide.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Rudd, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Baylor University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rudd, M. David
- ORCID
- Rudd, M. David
- Venue
- Cognition and suicide: Theory, research, and therapy.
- Publisher
- American Psychological Association
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 355-368
- OpenAlex
- W1744999525
- Cited by
- 463
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 20.02
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychological Association eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- suicide risk, cognitive approach, suicide prevention
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