Fear and Avoidance: An Integrated Expectancy Model.

Fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for delayed extinction of autonomic, experiential, and behavioural responses

Blechert, J., Michael, T., Vriends, N., Margraf, J., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.012 · Cited by 479

Avoidance learning: a review of theoretical models and recent developments

Krypotos, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00189 · Cited by 402

Rethinking avoidance: Toward a balanced approach to avoidance in treating anxiety disorders

Hofmann, S. G., & Hay, A. C. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.004 · Cited by 361

Safety behaviours preserve threat beliefs: Protection from extinction of human fear conditioning by an avoidance response

Lovibond, P. F., Mitchell, C. J., Minard, E., Brady, A., & Menzies, R. G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.013 · Cited by 275

Extension of the Transdiagnostic Model to Focus on Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Treatment

Einstein, D. A. (2014) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12077 · Cited by 223

Modeling Trait Anxiety: From Computational Processes to Personality

Raymond, J. G., Steele, J. D., & Seriès, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00001 · Cited by 209

Rating data are underrated: Validity of US expectancy in human fear conditioning

Boddez, Y., Baeyens, F., Luyten, L., Vansteenwegen, D., Hermans, D., & Beckers, T. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.08.003 · Cited by 220

A contemporary behavior analysis of anxiety and avoidance

Dymond, S., & Roche, B. T. (2009) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392173 · Cited by 166

Intolerance of uncertainty as a vulnerability factor for excessive and inflexible avoidance behavior

Flores, A., López, F. J., Vervliet, B., & Cobos, P. L. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.02.008 · Cited by 155

Avoidance and its bi-directional relationship with conditioned fear: Mechanisms, moderators, and clinical implications

Pittig, A., Wong, A. H. K., Glück, V. M., & Boschet, J. M. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103550 · Cited by 148

An elevated plus-maze in mixed reality for studying human anxiety-related behavior

Biedermann, S., Biedermann, D., Wenzlaff, F., Kurjak, T., Nouri, S., Auer, M., Wiedemann, K., Briken, P., Haaker, J., Lonsdorf, T., et al. (2017) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0463-6 · Cited by 129

The potential impact of mindfulness on exposure and extinction learning in anxiety disorders

Treanor, M. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.003 · Cited by 134

Pathways towards the proliferation of avoidance in anxiety and implications for treatment

Arnaudova, I., Kindt, M., Fanselow, M. S., & Beckers, T. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.004 · Cited by 134

Evidence for expectancy as a mediator of avoidance and anxiety in a laboratory model of human avoidance learning

Lovibond, P. F., Saunders, J. C., Weidemann, G., & Mitchell, C. J. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701503229 · Cited by 118

The validity of human avoidance paradigms.

Krypotos, A.-M., Vervliet, B., & Engelhard, I. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.10.011 · Cited by 95

Avoidance behavior in chronic pain research: a cold case revisited

Volders, S., Boddez, Y., De Peuter, S., Meulders, A., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.11.003 · Cited by 97

Persecutory delusions and the conditioned avoidance paradigm: Towards an integration of the psychology and biology of paranoia

Moutoussis, M., Williams, J., Dayan, P., & Bentall, R. P. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800701566686 · Cited by 91

Contextual fear induced by unpredictability in a human fear conditioning preparation is related to the chronic expectation of a threatening US

Vansteenwegen, D., Iberico, C., Vervliet, B., Marescau, V., & Hermans, D. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.08.012 · Cited by 89

The clinical applications and practical relevance of human conditioning paradigms for posttraumatic stress disorder

Zuj, D. V., & Norrholm, S. D. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.014 · Cited by 89

Safe From Harm: Learned, Instructed, and Symbolic Generalization Pathways of Human Threat-Avoidance

Dymond, S., Schlund, M. W., Roche, B., De Houwer, J., & Freegard, G. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047539 · Cited by 89

TRANSFORMATION OF AVOIDANCE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAME AND OPPOSITE RELATIONAL FRAMES

Dymond, S., Roche, B., Forsyth, J. P., Whelan, R., & Rhoden, J. (2007) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2007.22-07 · Cited by 82

A temporal difference account of avoidance learning

Moutoussis, M., Bentall, R. P., Williams, J. H., & Dayan, P. (2008) · Network Computation in Neural Systems · doi:10.1080/09548980802192784 · Cited by 84

Acquisition of behavioral avoidance: task-irrelevant conditioned stimuli trigger costly decisions.

Pittig, A., Schulz, A., Craske, M., & Alpers, G. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036136 · Cited by 76

Cognitive–Behavioral Theory and Preparation for Professionals at Risk for Trauma Exposure

Whealin, J. M., Ruzek, J. I., & Southwick, S. M. (2008) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838008315869 · Cited by 87

Influence of stress on fear memory processes in an aversive differential conditioning paradigm in humans

Bentz, D., Michael, T., Wilhelm, F. H., Hartmann, F., Kunz, S., von Rohr, I. R. R., & de Quervain, D. J. ‐. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.018 · Cited by 81

Contingency Learning Deficits and Generalization in Chronic Unilateral Hand Pain Patients

Meulders, A., Harvie, D. S., Chalmers, J., Caragianis, S., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Moseley, G. L. (2014) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.07.005 · Cited by 76

Generalisation of fear and avoidance along a semantic continuum

Boyle, S., Roche, B. T., Dymond, S., & Hermans, D. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.1000831 · Cited by 70

Overcoming avoidance in anxiety disorders: The contributions of Pavlovian and operant avoidance extinction methods

Dymond, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.007 · Cited by 79

The cost of fear: avoidant decision making in a spider gambling task.

Pittig, A., Brand, M., Pawlikowski, M., & Alpers, G. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.001 · Cited by 63

Higher threat avoidance costs reduce avoidance behaviour which in turn promotes fear extinction in humans.

Rattel, J., Miedl, S., Blechert, J., & Wilhelm, F. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.010 · Cited by 57

Estradiol levels in women predict skin conductance response but not valence and expectancy ratings in conditioned fear extinction

White, E. C., & Graham, B. M. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.011 · Cited by 66

Derived Avoidance Learning: Transformation of Avoidance Response Functions in Accordance with Same and Opposite Relational Frames

Dymond, S., Roche, B., Forsyth, J. P., Whelan, R., & Rhoden, J. (2008) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395615 · Cited by 64

Inferred threat and safety: Symbolic generalization of human avoidance learning

Dymond, S., Schlund, M. W., Roche, B., Whelan, R., Richards, J., & Davies, C. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.007 · Cited by 69

Perceptual and conceptual similarities facilitate the generalization of instructed fear

Bennett, M., Vervoort, E., Boddez, Y., Hermans, D., & Baeyens, F. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.03.011 · Cited by 51

Victimization experiences and the stabilization of victim sensitivity

Gollwitzer, M., Süssenbach, P., & Hannuschke, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00439 · Cited by 52

Same fear responses, less avoidance: Rewards competing with aversive outcomes do not buffer fear acquisition, but attenuate avoidance to accelerate subsequent fear extinction.

Pittig, A., & Dehler, J. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.003 · Cited by 43

Partial reinforcement of avoidance and resistance to extinction in humans

Xia, W., Dymond, S., Lloyd, K. R., & Vervliet, B. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.002 · Cited by 56

Passive avoidance is linked to impaired fear extinction in humans.Preprint

Cornwell, B., Overstreet, C., Krimsky, M., & Grillon, C. (2013) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.028902.112 · Cited by 31

Following and Avoiding Fear-Inducing News Topics: Fear Intensity, Perceived News Topic Importance, Self-Efficacy, and News Overload

Tunney, C., Thorson, E., & Chen, W. (2021) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2021.1890636 · Cited by 44

Avoidance of learnt fear: Models, potential mechanisms, and future directions

Wong, A. H. K., Wirth, F. M., & Pittig, A. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104056 · Cited by 43

A dimensional measure of safety behavior: A non-dichotomous assessment of costly avoidance in human fear conditioning

Wong, A. H. K., & Pittig, A. (2020) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01490-w · Cited by 33

Psychophysiological and Self-Report Components of Disgust in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: The Effects of Repeated Exposure

Neziroglu, F. A., Hickey, M., & McKay, D. (2010) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2010.3.1.40 · Cited by 39

Enhancing extinction learning: Occasional presentations of the unconditioned stimulus during extinction eliminate spontaneous recovery, but not necessarily reacquisition of fear

Thompson, A., McEvoy, P. M., & Lipp, O. V. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.07.001 · Cited by 40

Avoidance in Anorexia Nervosa: Towards a research agenda

Melles, H., Spix, M., & Jansen, A. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113478 · Cited by 37

Neuroimaging the temporal dynamics of human avoidance to sustained threat

Schlund, M. W., Hudgins, C. D., Magee, S., & Dymond, S. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.042 · Cited by 33

The effects of age and trait anxiety on avoidance learning and its generalization

Klein, Z., Shner, G., Ginat‐Frolich, R., Vervliet, B., & Shechner, T. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103611 · Cited by 34

Intolerance of uncertainty prospectively predicts the transdiagnostic severity of emotional psychopathology: Evidence from a Veteran sample

Hunt, C., Exline, J. J., Fletcher, T. L., & Teng, E. J. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102530 · Cited by 38

Fear learning, avoidance, and generalization are more context-dependent for adults than adolescents.

Klein, Z., Berger, S., Vervliet, B., & Shechner, T. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103993 · Cited by 33

Impaired action-safety learning and excessive relief during avoidance in patients with anxiety disorders

de Kleine, R. A., Hutschemaekers, M. H. M., Hendriks, G., Kampman, M., Papalini, S., van Minnen, A., & Vervliet, B. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102698 · Cited by 38

Intentional avoidance of physical activity in women with migraine

Farris, S. G., Thomas, J. G., Abrantes, A. M., Godley, F. A., Roth, J. L., Lipton, R. B., Pavlovic, J. M., & Bond, D. S. (2018) · Cephalalgia Reports · doi:10.1177/2515816318788284 · Cited by 31

Extinction of aversive eliciting functions as an analog of exposure to conditioned fear: Does it alter avoidance responding?

Luciano, C., Valdivia-Salas, S., Ruiz, F. J., Rodríguez-Valverde, M., Barnes-Holmes, D., Dougher, M., Cabello, F., Sánchez, V., Barnes-Holmes, Y., & Gutiérrez, O. (2013) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.05.001 · Cited by 32

Social anxiety and cognitive expectancy of aversive outcome in avoidance conditioning

Ly, V., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.015 · Cited by 30

From bad to worse: Symbolic equivalence and opposition in fear generalisation

Bennett, M., Hermans, D., Dymond, S., Vervoort, E., & Baeyens, F. (2015) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.973833 · Cited by 27

Renewal of signaled shuttle box avoidance in rats

Nakajima, S. (2014) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2013.12.002 · Cited by 22

Negative reinforcement rate and persistent avoidance following response-prevention extinction

Zuj, D. V., Xia, W., Lloyd, K. R., Vervliet, B., & Dymond, S. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103711 · Cited by 23

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly—Chances, Challenges, and Clinical Implications of Avoidance Research in Psychosomatic Medicine

Labrenz, F., Woud, M., Elsenbruch, S., & Icenhour, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841734 · Cited by 22

Avoidance as expectancy in rats: sex and strain differences in acquisition

Avcu, P., Jiao, X., Myers, C. E., Beck, K. D., Pang, K. C. H., & Servatius, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00334 · Cited by 24

Reward Processes in Extinction Learning and Applications to Exposure Therapy

Rosenberg, B. M., Barnes‐Horowitz, N. M., Zbozinek, T. D., & Craske, M. G. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102911 · Cited by 22

Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review

Laing, P. A. F., Vervliet, B., Dunsmoor, J. E., & Harrison, B. J. (2024) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-024-02559-4 · Cited by 27

Evidence for an Expectancy-Based Theory of Avoidance Behaviour

Declercq, M., Houwer, J. D., & Baeyens, F. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701851214 · Cited by 21

Not so bad: avoidance and aversive discounting modulate threat appraisal in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex

Schlund, M., Brewer, A., Richman, D., Magee, S. K., & Dymond, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00142 · Cited by 20

Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism in Fear Conditioning and Extinction: The Role of Avoidance Behaviour

Rattel, J. A., Miedl, S. F., Liedlgruber, M., Blechert, J., Seidl, E., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103761 · Cited by 18

Anxiety and fear in PTSD☆

Zoellner, L. A., Ojalehto, H. J., Rosencrans, P. L., Walker, R. W., Garcia, N. M., Sheikh, I. S., & Bedard‐Gilligan, M. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816022-0.00002-8 · Cited by 22

An Associative Account of Avoidance

Gillan, C. M., Urcelay, G. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118650813.ch17 · Cited by 18

What you cannot see can help you: The effect of exposure to unreportable stimuli on approach behavior

Weinberger, J., Siegel, P., Siefert, C., & Drwal, J. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.01.003 · Cited by 20

Avoiding a feared stimulus: Modelling costly avoidance of learnt fear in a sensory preconditioning paradigm.

Wong, A. H. K., & Pittig, A. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108249 · Cited by 14

Interpersonal functioning in hoarding: An investigation of the link between hoarding symptoms and social support, social anhedonia, and social rewards

Chen, W.-T., McDonald, S., Wearne, T., & Grisham, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100313 · Cited by 18

The role of relief, perceived control, and prospective intolerance of uncertainty in excessive avoidance in uncertain-threat environments

Cobos, P. L., Quintero, M. J., Ruiz-Fuentes, M., Vervliet, B., & López, F. J. (2022) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.002 · Cited by 17

Evidence for a hierarchical structure underlying avoidance behavior.

Declercq, M., & Houwer, J. D. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/a0012927 · Cited by 17

To prevent means to know: Explicit but no implicit agency for prevention behavior.

Pfister, R., Tonn, S., Weller, L., Kunde, W., & Schwarz, K. A. (2020) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104489 · Cited by 14

Inhibited Personality Temperaments Translated Through Enhanced Avoidance and Associative Learning Increase Vulnerability for PTSD

Allen, M. T., Myers, C. E., Beck, K. D., Pang, K. C. H., & Servatius, R. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00496 · Cited by 19

Transfer of avoidance responding to a sensory preconditioned cue: Evidence for the role of S-S and R-S knowledge in avoidance learning

Declercq, M., & Houwer, J. D. (2009) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2008.11.003 · Cited by 16

On the role of US expectancies in avoidance behavior

Declercq, M., & Houwer, J. D. (2008) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.15.1.99 · Cited by 16

Expectancies and avoidance: Towards an integrated model of chronic somatic symptoms

Nadinda, P. G., van Laarhoven, A. I. M., Van den Bergh, O., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Peters, M. L., & Evers, A. W. M. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105808 · Cited by 15

Is Adding Education to Trunk and Hip Exercises Beneficial for Patellofemoral Pain? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sheikhi, B., Rabiei, P., Letafatkar, A., & Rossettini, G. (2023) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.08.030 · Cited by 15

Dynamics of defensive response mobilization during repeated terminations of exposure to increasing interoceptive threat

Benke, C., Krause, E., Hamm, A. O., & Pané‐Farré, C. A. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.013 · Cited by 12

Intentions matter: Avoidance intentions regulate anxiety via outcome expectancy.

Ng, A., & Lovibond, P. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.03.007 · Cited by 11

Avoidance learning and classical eyeblink conditioning as model systems to explore a learning diathesis model of PTSD

Allen, M. T., Handy, J. D., Miller, D. P., & Servatius, R. J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.003 · Cited by 12

Decomposing conditioned avoidance performance with computational models

Krypotos, A., Crombez, G., Meulders, A., Claes, N., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103712 · Cited by 11

Evidence for the interchangeability of an avoidance behavior and a negative occasion setter

Declercq, M., & Houwer, J. D. (2008) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/lb.36.4.290 · Cited by 11

Renewal of instrumental avoidance in humans

Urcelay, G. P., Symmons, K., Amos, B., Toutounji, H., & Prével, A. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2nxkh · Cited by 13

Transfer of exposure therapy effects to a threat context not considered during treatment in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia: Implications for potential mechanisms of change.

Richter, J., Pané-Farré, C., Gerlach, A., Gloster, A., Wittchen, H., Lang, T., Alpers, G., Helbig-Lang, S., Deckert, J., Fydrich, T., et al. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103886 · Cited by 12

Different Flying Histories in Flying Phobics: Association with Psychopathology and Treatment Outcome

Nousi, A., Haringsma, R., Gerwen, L. J. V., & Spinhoven, P. (2008) · Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.3357/asem.2189.2008 · Cited by 11

Evidence against an occasion setting account of avoidance learning

Declercq, M., & Houwer, J. D. (2010) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2010.08.007 · Cited by 10

Overnight fasting affects avoidance learning and relief

Papalini, S., Neefs, L., Beckers, T., Oudenhove, L. V., & Vervliet, B. (2022) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2022.2103068 · Cited by 10

The lesser evil: Pavlovian-instrumental transfer & aversive motivation

Campese, V. D. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113431 · Cited by 8

Conceptual advances in the cognitive neuroscience of learning: Implications for relational frame theory

Vahey, N. A., Bennett, M., & Whelan, R. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.04.001 · Cited by 7

Unconditioned stimulus devaluation decreases the generalization of costly safety behaviors

Wong, A. H. K., Franzen, M., & Wieser, M. J. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102847 · Cited by 6

Relating different perspectives on how outcomes of behavior influence behavior

Houwer, J. D., Finn, M., Boddez, Y., Hughes, S., & Cummins, J. D. (2023) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.887 · Cited by 6

Working hard to avoid: Fixed-ratio response effort and maladaptive avoidance in humans

Dymond, S., Xia, W., Lloyd, K. R., Schlund, M. W., & Zuj, D. V. (2022) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218221127660 · Cited by 5

Threat belief determines the degree of costly safety behavior: Assessing rule-based generalization of safety behavior with a dimensional measure of avoidance.

Wong, A. H. K., & Pittig, A. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104158 · Cited by 6

Better safe than wealthy: Dysfunctional risk avoidance in spider-fearful individuals

Hengen, K. M., & Alpers, G. W. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102383 · Cited by 5

Dual-system free-operant avoidance: Extension of a theory.

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El doble procesamiento paralelo en situación de crisis: fundamentación motivacional

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Individual Differences in Vulnerability Factors for Anxiety Disorders: A Study on the Acquisition, Extinction, and Renewal of Avoidance, and the Concomitant Dynamics of Relief

Cobos, P. L., Valle, T. M., Quintero, M. J., & López, F. J. (2023) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.84914 · Cited by 4

Reduction of conditioned avoidance via contingency reversal

Krypotos, A., Baas, J. M. P., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2020.1727417 · Cited by 4

The generalization of threat beliefs to novel safety stimuli induced by safety behaviors.

Wong, A. H. K., Pittig, A., & Engelhard, I. M. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115078

Renewal of instrumental avoidance in humans.

Urcelay, G. P., Symmons, K., Amos, B., Toutounji, H., & Prével, A. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xan0000383 · Cited by 13

The acquisition and generalization of fear of touch

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Persistent defensive reactivity during extensive avoidance training as a potential mechanism for the perpetuation of safety behaviors

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The expectancy model of fear

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The Expectancy Theory of Fear, Anxiety, and Panic: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

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