Intolerance of uncertainty as a vulnerability factor for excessive and inflexible avoidance behavior
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Recent studies have shown that avoidance behavior may become excessive and inflexible (i.e., detached from its incentive value and resistant to extinction). On the other hand, prospective intolerance of uncertainty (P-IU) has been defined as a factor leading to excessive responding in uncertain situations. Thus, uncertain avoidance situations may be taken as a relevant scenario to examine the role of intolerance of uncertainty as a factor that facilitates excessive and inflexible avoidance behavior. In our experiment, we tested the hypothesis that P-IU is associated with excessive and inflexible avoidance in an outcome devaluation paradigm. Specifically, healthy participants learned in a free-operant discriminative task to avoid an aversive sound, and were tested in extinction to measure the sensitivity of avoidance responses to the devaluation of the sound aversiveness. The results showed that an increase in P-IU was positively associated to an increase in insensitivity to the devaluation. Moreover, P-IU was also related to an increase in the frequency of avoidance responses during the instrumental learning phase, and to resistance to extinction. Interestingly, these associations involving P-IU were still significant when trait anxiety was controlled for. The pattern of results suggests that P-IU may be a vulnerability factor for excessive and inflexible avoidance, which, in turn, has been found to be associated with several mental disorders.
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The P-IU subscale has been specifically linked to excessive avoidance of cues that no longer signal threat.
“For instance, the P-IU subscale has been specifically linked to excessive avoidance of cues that no longer signal threat (49,50).”
From I Doubt It Is Safe: A Meta-analysis of Self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty and Threat Extinction Training (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Flores, A., López, F. J., Vervliet, B., & Cobos, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (ES)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Flores, Amanda
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 104
- Pages
- 34-43
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2789424509
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 18.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship
- 7th European Community Framework Programme (PIOF-GA-2013-627743)
- University of Leuven (PF/10/005)
- Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2014-56061-P)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, avoidance behavior, extinction resistance, outcome devaluation, vulnerability factors, aversive sounds, discriminative learning, trait anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Operant, Extinction, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Uncertainty, Young Adult
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