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From bad to worse: Symbolic equivalence and opposition in fear generalisation

Open access
Bennett, Marc, Hermans, Dirk, Dymond, Simon, Vervoort, Ellen, Baeyens, Frank·2015·Cognition and Emotion
DOI 10.1080/02699931.2014.973833
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Abstract

The present study compared the impact of symbolic equivalence and opposition relations on fear generalisation. In a procedure using nonsense words, some stimuli became symbolically equivalent to an aversively conditioned stimulus while others were symbolically opposite. The generalisation of fear to symbolically related stimuli was then measured using behavioural avoidance, retrospective unconditioned stimulus expectancy and stimulus valence ratings. Equivalence relations facilitated fear generalisation while opposition relations constrained generalisation. The potential clinical implications of symbolic generalisation are discussed.

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  • This basic effect has now been replicated and extended several times and with relations other than equivalence.

    “This basic effect has now been replicated and extended several times (Dymond, Schlund, Roche, De Houwer, & Freegard, 2012; Dymond et al., 2011) and with relations other than equivalence (Bennett, Hermans, Dymond, Vervoort, & Baeyens, 2015; Dymond, Roche, Forsyth, Whelan, & Rhoden, 2007).”

    From Relapse of anxiety-related fear and avoidance: Conceptual analysis of treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (2020) · cites this paper as Bennett, Hermans, Dymond, Vervoort, & Baeyens, 2015

    Bennett et al. (2015) is cited for the extension to relations other than equivalence, not for the several replications cited earlier in the sentence. The supplied passages and searches for symbolic opposition and equivalence returned text labelled as a different paper, with no passage addressing that extension. Our available copy therefore cannot verify the attribution. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • Bennett et al. (2015) showed that, following a non-differential threat conditioning procedure which controlled for aversive learning history, the derived same stimulus evoked a higher proportion of avoidance than either of the derived opposition stimuli or a novel stimulus.

    “These authors showed that, following a non-differential threat conditioning procedure which controlled for aversive learning history, the derived same stimulus evoked a higher proportion of avoidance than either of the derived opposition stimuli or a novel stimulus (Bennett et al., 2015).”

    From Relapse of anxiety-related fear and avoidance: Conceptual analysis of treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (2020) · cites this paper as Bennett et al., 2015

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Related

Authors
Bennett, M., Hermans, D., Dymond, S., Vervoort, E., & Baeyens, F.
Affiliations
  • KU Leuven (BE)
  • Swansea University (GB)
Corresponding author
Bennett, Marc
ORCID
Venue
Cognition and Emotion
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2014-10-27
Volume
29
Issue
6
Pages
1137-1145
ISSN
  • 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-0600
DOI
10.1080/02699931.2014.973833
OpenAlex
W2110605685
Cited by
27
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
FWO (G.0.518.11.N.10)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
fear generalization, fear conditioning, avoidance behavior, stimulus valence, nonsense words, clinical implications
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Fear, Female, Generalization, Psychological, Humans, Male, Young Adult

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