Cited by 781LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyAttachment and Relationship DynamicsGender and Feminist Studies

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Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals.

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Frost, David M., Meyer, Ilan H.·2009·Journal of Counseling Psychology

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Abstract

We examined the associations between internalized homophobia, outness, community connectedness, depressive symptoms, and relationship quality among a diverse community sample of 396 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Structural equation models showed that internalized homophobia was associated with greater relationship problems both generally and among coupled participants independent of outness and community connectedness. Depressive symptoms mediated the association between internalized homophobia and relationship problems. This study improves current understandings of the association between internalized homophobia and relationship quality by distinguishing between the effects of the core construct of internalized homophobia and its correlates and outcomes. The findings are useful for counselors interested in interventions and treatment approaches to help LGB individuals cope with internalized homophobia and relationship problems.

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“It is important to recognize that our conceptualization of internalized homophobia locates it as a social stressor that is related to negative social stigma surrounding LGB lives prevalent in society today (Meyer, 2003a).”
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“The experience of sexual minority stress has also been linked to intimacy problems, increased conflict, loneliness, and lower relationship quality and satisfaction among couples (e.g., Cao et al., 2017; Frost & Meyer, 2009).”
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“High internal consistency has been reported in various studies, including those with predominantly Australian and US-based samples (with α s ranging from 0.78 to 0.89; Frost & Meyer, 2009; Herek et al., 2009a; Ryan et al., 2017), as well as the current sample ( α = 0.81).”
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“Extant literature on homosexual intimate relationships has predominantly focused on Western populations, with a wealth of studies examining relationship quality, satisfaction, and dynamics among American same-sex couples (Frost & Meyer, 2009; Kurdek, 2004).”
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“Internalized homophobia (the extent to which sexual minorities internalize negative attitudes towards homosexuality) appears to have a negative association with mental health in homosexual men and women (Frost & Meyer, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H.
Affiliations: The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Frost, David M.
Meyer, Ilan H.
Venue: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2009
Volume: 56
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-109
ISSN: 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
1939-2168
DOI: 10.1037/a0012844
PMC: PMC2678796
OpenAlex: W2128483459
Cited by: 781
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 34.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066058-03)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Keywords: internalized homophobia, relationship quality, relationship problems, outness, community ties, depressive symptoms, mediation, lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, LGB individuals

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Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals.

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