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Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: an overview and some recommendations

Jackson, Dennis L., Gillaspy, J. Arthur, Purc-Stephenson, Rebecca·2009·Psychological Methods

DOI 10.1037/a0014694

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Abstract

Reporting practices in 194 confirmatory factor analysis studies (1,409 factor models) published in American Psychological Association journals from 1998 to 2006 were reviewed and compared with established reporting guidelines. Three research questions were addressed: (a) how do actual reporting practices compare with published guidelines? (b) how do researchers report model fit in light of divergent perspectives on the use of ancillary fit indices (e.g., L.-T. Hu & P. M. Bentler, 1999; H. W. Marsh, K.-T., Hau, & Z. Wen, 2004)? and (c) are fit measures that support hypothesized models reported more often than fit measures that are less favorable? Results indicate some positive findings with respect to reporting practices including proposing multiple models a priori and near universal reporting of the chi-square significance test. However, many deficiencies were found such as lack of information regarding missing data and assessment of normality. Additionally, the authors found increases in reported values of some incremental fit statistics and no statistically significant evidence that researchers selectively report measures of fit that support their preferred model. Recommendations for reporting are summarized and a checklist is provided to help editors, reviewers, and authors improve reporting practices.

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Authors: Jackson, D. L., Gillaspy, J. A., & Purc-Stephenson, R.
Affiliations: University of Windsor (CA)
Venue: Psychological Methods
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 6-23
ISSN: 1082-989X (ISSN-L)
1939-1463
DOI: 10.1037/a0014694
OpenAlex: W2129748849
Cited by: 2,242
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 94 · 2025: 187 · 2024: 201 · 2023: 228 · 2022: 241 · 2021: 195 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 150 · 2017: 135 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 54.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Methods (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis, reporting practices, reporting guidelines, model fit indices, selective reporting, missing data, normality testing, reporting checklist, APA journals
MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Mathematical Computing, Periodicals as Topic, Psychology, Publishing, Research, Research Design, Software, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical, Guideline Adherence

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Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: an overview and some recommendations

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