CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 234Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyMigration, Refugees, and Integration

The impact of acculturation and religious identification on perceived discrimination for Arab/Middle Eastern Americans

Awad, Germine H.·2010·Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
DOI 10.1037/a0016675
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of acculturation, ethnic identity, and religious affiliation on perceived discrimination for persons of Arab and Middle Eastern descent. Two aspects of acculturation (ethnic society immersion and dominant society immersion), religious affiliation, and ethnic identity were measured using a final sample of 177 individuals of Arab or Middle Eastern descent. Results indicated that Arab/Middle Eastern Americans who reported lower levels of dominant society immersion tended to report higher levels of discrimination. Furthermore, Muslims reported a higher level of discrimination than Christians but this finding was moderated by level of acculturation. Specifically, Muslims who reported a high level of dominant society immersion experienced the most discrimination, whereas Christians who reported a high level of dominant society immersion reported less discrimination. Study implications are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0016675

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Prejudice, invisibility, and discrimination shape Arab/MENA communities' lived experiences, which are especially heightened after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

    “Prejudice, invisibility, and discrimination shape Arab/MENA communities’ lived experiences, which are especially heightened after the 9/11 terrorist attacks [39].”

    From Internalized Racism and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Collective Racial Self-Esteem (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Awad (2010) found that 59% of participants indicated awareness of denigrating stereotypes about their race, and 77% experienced overt forms of racial discrimination.

    “In a study that examined the impact of acculturation, racial identity, and religious affiliation among Arab/MENA people, Awad (2010) [39] found that 59% of participants indicated awareness of denigrating stereotypes about their race, and 77% experienced overt forms of racial discrimination.”

    From Internalized Racism and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Collective Racial Self-Esteem (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Prejudice, discrimination, stigma, and other intersecting oppressions have deleterious impacts on Arab/MENA people's livelihoods and quality of life.

    “Nonetheless, prejudice, discrimination, stigma, and other intersecting oppressions have deleterious impacts on Arab/MENA people’s livelihoods and quality of life, and thus, a more inclusive construct (e.g., the inclusion of culture, ancestry, and religion) is needed to determine the impact of internalized oppression [39,51].”

    From Internalized Racism and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Collective Racial Self-Esteem (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Awad, G. H.
Affiliations
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author
Awad, Germine H.
ORCID
Awad, Germine H.
Venue
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2010-01
Volume
16
Issue
1
Pages
59-67
ISSN
  • 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0106
  • 1099-9809
DOI
10.1037/a0016675
OpenAlex
W1966763243
Cited by
233
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
FWCI
39.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Keywords
acculturation, perceived discrimination, Arab Americans, Middle Eastern Americans, religious affiliation, ethnic identity, Muslims, Christians
MeSH terms
Acculturation, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Islam, Male, Middle Aged, Prejudice, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Social Identification, United States, Arabs, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review