The measurement of executive function at age 3 years: Psychometric properties and criterion validity of a new battery of tasks.

Cited by (280)

Items 101–200 of 280

1. Executive Function in Low Birth Weight Preschoolers: The Moderating Effect of Parenting
   and the Family Life Project Investigators, Marie Camerota, Michael T. Willoughby, Martha J. Cox, Mark T. Greenberg · 2015 · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
2. Shifting between mental sets: An individual differences approach to commonalities and differences of task switching components.
   Claudia C. von Bastian, Michel D. Druey · 2017 · Journal of Experimental Psychology General
3. From Early Relationships to Preacademic Knowledge: A Sociocognitive Developmental Cascade to School Readiness
   Annie Bernier, Miriam H. Beauchamp, Catherine Cimon‐Paquet · 2018 · Child Development
4. Measuring executive function skills in young children in Kenya
   Michael T. Willoughby, Benjamin Piper, Dunston Kwayumba, Megan McCune · 2018 · Child Neuropsychology
5. Teachers' Theory‐of‐mind Coaching and Children's Executive Function Predict the Training Effect of Sociodramatic Play on Children's Theory of Mind
   Li Qu, Pinxiu Shen, Yu Yan Chee, Luxi Chen · 2015 · Social Development
6. RETRACTED: Self‐regulation in preschool: Are executive function and effortful control overlapping constructs?
   Henning Heinze, Monika Daseking, Caterina Gawrilow, Julia Karbach, Julia Kerner auch Koerner · 2022 · Developmental Science · Retracted
7. The Differentiation of Executive Functioning Across Development: Insights from Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
   Nicole Bardikoff, Mark A. Sabbagh · 2017 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
8. EEG power and coherence during preschoolers' performance of an executive function battery
   Margaret M. Swingler, Michael T. Willoughby, Susan D. Calkins · 2011 · Developmental Psychobiology
9. Engineering play with blocks as an informal learning context for executive function and planning
   Zachary S. Gold, James G. Elicker, Carly D. Evich, Aura Ankita Mishra, Nina Howe, Abigail E. Weil · 2021 · Journal of Engineering Education
10. Mothers’ and fathers’ executive function both predict emergent executive function in toddlerhood
    Andrew Ribner, Rory Thomas Devine, Clancy Blair, Claire H. Hughes, NewFAMS Investigators · 2022 · Developmental Science
11. Self-control, parenting, and problem behavior in early childhood: A multi-method, multi-informant study
    Dionne L. van Prooijen, Roos Hutteman, Hanna Mulder, Marcel A. G. van Aken, Odilia M. Laceulle · 2017 · Infant Behavior and Development
12. Hot and Cool Executive Function: Foundations for Learning and Healthy Development.
    Alyssa S. Meuwissen, Philip David Zelazo · 2014 · Zero to three
13. Identifying unique components of preschool children's self-regulatory skills using executive function tasks and continuous performance tests
    Darcey M. Allan, Nicholas P. Allan, Matthew D. Lerner, Amber L. Farrington, Christopher J. Lonigan · 2015 · Early Childhood Research Quarterly
14. Multi-factorial approach to early numeracy—The effects of cognitive skills, language factors and kindergarten attendance on early numeracy performance of South African first graders
    Pirjo Aunio A, Johan Korhonen, Lara Ragpot, Minna R. K. Törmänen, Riikka Mononen, Elizabeth Henning · 2019 · International Journal of Educational Research
15. Trait anxiety and adolescent's academic achievement: The role of executive function
    Sarah V. Alfonso, Christopher J. Lonigan · 2020 · Learning and Individual Differences
16. Executive Functions and Mental Attentional Capacity in Preschoolers
    Sabrina Panesi, Sergio Morra · 2019 · Journal of Cognition and Development
17. In the self-control and self-regulation maze: Integration and importance
    Daniel Groß · 2021 · Personality and Individual Differences
18. Profiles of academic/socioemotional competence: Associations with parenting, home, child care, and neighborhood
    Iheoma U. Iruka, Allison De Marco, Patricia Garrett-Peters · 2017 · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
19. Longitudinal and concurrent links between memory span, anxiety symptoms, and subsequent executive functioning in young children
    Laura Visu‐Petra, Oana Maria Stanciu, Oana Bengà, Mircea Miclea, Lavinia Cheie · 2014 · Frontiers in Psychology
20. How attention factors into executive function in preschool children
    Aditi Deodhar, Bennett I. Bertenthal · 2023 · Frontiers in Psychology
21. The relationship between non‐verbal systems of number and counting development: a neural signatures approach
    Daniel C. Hyde, Charline E. Simon, Ilaria Berteletti, Yi Mou · 2016 · Developmental Science
22. Cognitive Abilities and Mathematical Competencies at School Entry
    Andrew Ribner, Korbinian Moeller, Michael T. Willoughby, Clancy Blair, the Family Life Project Key Investigators · 2017 · Mind Brain and Education
23. Indirect and Direct Relationships Between Self-Regulation and Academic Achievement During the Nursery/Elementary School Transition of French Students
    Blandine Hubert, Philippe Guimard, Agnès Florin, Alexis Tracy · 2015 · Early Education and Development
24. Differentiation in prefrontal cortex recruitment during childhood: Evidence from cognitive control demands and social contexts
    Nicolas Chevalier, Judith Jackson, Alexia Revueltas Roux, Yusuke Moriguchi, Bonnie Auyeung B · 2019 · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
25. Integrating Item Accuracy and Reaction Time to Improve the Measurement of Inhibitory Control Abilities in Early Childhood
    Brooke E. Magnus, Michael T. Willoughby, Clancy Blair, Laura Kuhn · 2017 · Assessment
26. Dimensional attention as a mechanism of executive function: Integrating flexibility, selectivity, and stability
    Aaron Thomas Buss, Anastasia N. Kerr-German · 2019 · Cognition
27. The dimensionality of early executive functions in young preschoolers: Comparing unidimensional versus bidimensional models and their ecological validity
    Nicoletta Scionti, Gian Marco Marzocchi · 2021 · Child Neuropsychology
28. Cognition in context: Validating group-based executive function assessments in young children
    Sammy F. Ahmed, Jennie K. Grammer, Frederick D. Morrison · 2021 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
29. Executive Function and Academic Achievement: Longitudinal Relations from Early Childhood to Adolescence.
    Sammy F. Ahmed, Sandra Tang, Nicholas E. Waters, Pamela E. Davis-Kean · 2018
30. The association of maternal alcohol use and paraprofessional home visiting with children’s health: A randomized controlled trial.
    Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane, Arfer, Kodi B., Christodoulou, Joan, Comulada, W. Scott, Stewart, Jacqueline, Tubert, Julia E., Tomlinson, Mark · 2019 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
31. Cognitive, Intervention, and Neuroimaging Perspectives on Executive Function in Children With Reading Disabilities
    Jessica A. Church, Paul T. Cirino, Jeremy Miciak, Jenifer J. Juranek, Sharon R. Vaughn, Jack McKay Fletcher · 2019 · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development
32. An Ecological Systems Perspective on Individual Differences in Children’s Performance on Measures of Executive Function
    Steven J. Holochwost, Deaven Winebrake, Eleanor D. Brown, Keith R. Happaney, Nicholas J. Wagner, Roger Mills-Koonce · 2022 · Journal of Cognition and Development
33. Depth, persistence, and timing of poverty and the development of school readiness skills in rural low-income regions: Results from the family life project
    Margaret Burchinal, Robert C. Carr, Lynne Vernon‐Feagans, Clancy Blair, Martha J. Cox · 2018 · Early Childhood Research Quarterly
34. Sociodemographic risk and early environmental factors that contribute to resilience in executive control: A factor mixture model of 3-year-olds
    Jennifer Mize Nelson, Hye Jeong Choi, Caron A. C. Clark, Tiffany D. James, Hua Fang, Sandra A. Wiebe, Kimberly Andrews Espy · 2014 · Child Neuropsychology
35. Task-Specific and Latent Relationships Between Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Preschool Children
    Gerda van der Veer, Erica Kamphorst, Marja Cantell, Alexander E. M. G. Minnaert, Suzanne Houwen · 2020 · Frontiers in Psychology
36. Developmental profile of executive functioning in school-age children from Northeast Brazil.
    Guerra, Amanda, Hazin, Izabel, Guerra, Yasmin, Roulin, Jean-Luc, Le Gall, Didier, Roy, Arnaud · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychology
37. A Developmental Hierarchical-Integrative Perspective on the Emergence of Self-Regulation: A Replication and Extension
    Qiong Wu, Jia Julia Yan, Ming Cui · 2021 · Child Development
38. The Brain and Early Experience Study: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
    Roger Mills-Koonce, Michael T. Willoughby, Sarah J. Short, Cathi B. Propper · 2022 · JMIR Research Protocols
39. Age Differences of Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels of Basal and Acute Responses to Citric Acid Stimulation Between Chinese Children and Adults
    Ze‐Min Yang, Long‐Hui Chen, Min Zhang, Jing Lin, Jie Zhang, Wei-Wen Chen, Xiaorong Yang · 2015 · Frontiers in Physiology
40. Developmental Transactions Between Self-Regulation and Academic Achievement Among Low-Income African American and Latino Children
    Britain A. Mills, Nazly Dyer, Daniel Pacheco, Dawn Y. Brinkley, Margaret Tresch Owen, Margaret O’Brien Caughy · 2018 · Child Development
41. Exploring Expressive Vocabulary Variability in Two-Year-Olds: The Role of Working Memory
    Jayne Newbury, Thomas M. Klee, Stephanie F. Stokes, Catherine Nora Moran · 2015 · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research
42. Associations between developmental changes in error‐related brain activity and executive functions in early childhood
    Jennie K. Grammer, William J. Gehring, Frederick J. Morrison · 2017 · Psychophysiology
43. Parental Harsh Discipline and Preschooler’s Inhibitory Control in China: Bidirectional Relations and Gender Differences
    Xiaopei Xing, Linya Zhang, Yutong Wei, Zhengyan Wang · 2019 · Journal of Interpersonal Violence
44. Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures
    Timothy D. Nelson, Tiffany D. James, Jennifer Mize Nelson, Anna B. Johnson, W. Alex Mason, Amy Lazarus Yaroch, Kimberly Andrews Espy · 2020 · Appetite
45. Age differences in foraging and executive functions: A cross-sectional study
    Inga María Ólafsdóttir, Steinunn Gestsdóttir, Arni Kjalar Kristjansson · 2020 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
46. COMMENTARY ON THE CHANGING NATURE OF EXECUTIVE CONTROL IN PRESCHOOL
    Michael T. Willoughby · 2016 · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
47. Cognitive flexibility assessment in youth with Down syndrome: Reliability, practice effects, and validity
    Emily K. Schworer, Amanallah Soltani, Mekibib Altaye, Deborah J. Fidler, Anna J. Esbensen · 2023 · Research in Developmental Disabilities
48. Relations of English and Heritage Language Proficiency to Response Inhibition and Attention Shifting in Dual Language Learners in Head Start
    Aya Inamori Williams, Yuuko Uchikoshi, Silvia A. Bunge, Qing Zhou · 2018 · Early Education and Development
49. Using Repeated-Measures Data to Make Stronger Tests of the Association between Executive Function Skills and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology in Early Childhood
    Michael T. Willoughby, Amanda C. Wylie, Clancy Blair · 2019 · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
50. The Lexical Stroop Sort (LSS) picture-word task: A computerized task for assessing the relationship between language and executive functioning in school-aged children
    Makeba Parramore Wilbourn, Laura E. Kurtz, Vrinda Kalia · 2011 · Behavior Research Methods
51. The relationship between motor performance and executive functioning in early childhood: A systematic review on motor demands embedded within executive function tasks
    Gerda van der Veer, Marja Cantell, Alexander E. M. G. Minnaert, Suzanne Houwen · 2022 · Applied Neuropsychology Child
52. Joint attention partially mediates the longitudinal relation between attuned caregiving and executive functions for low-income children.
    Annie N. Brandes-Aitken, Stephen H. Braren, Jill Gandhi, Rosemarie E. Perry, Sashana Rowe‐Harriott, Clancy Blair · 2020 · Developmental Psychology
53. Examining an Executive Function Battery for Use with Preschool Children with Disabilities
    Laura Kuhn, Michael T. Willoughby, Clancy Blair, Rachel D. McKinnon · 2017 · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
54. Individual differences in neonatal white matter are associated with executive function at 3 years of age
    Sarah J. Short, Michael T. Willoughby, Marie Camerota, Rebecca L. Stephens, Rachel J. Steiner, Martin Andreas Styner, John H. Gilmore · 2019 · Brain Structure and Function
55. Specifying the domain-general resources that contribute to conceptual construction: Evidence from the child’s acquisition of vitalist biology
    Nathan Tardiff, Igor Bascandziev, Susan E. Carey, Deborah Zaitchik · 2019 · Cognition
56. Mini-Trampoline Training Enhances Executive Functions and Motor Skills in Preschoolers
    Mohamed Amine Ltifi, Yosser Cherni, Elena Adelina Panaet, Cristina Ioana Alexe, Helmi Ben Saad, Ana-Maria Vulpe, Dan Iulian Alexe, Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly · 2025 · Children
57. Assessment of Executive Function in Infants and Toddlers: A Potential Role of the Bayley-4
    Glen P. Aylward, H. Gerry Taylor, Peter J. Anderson, Louis Charles Vannier · 2022 · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics
58. The relationship of teacher ratings of executive functions to emergent literacy in Head Start
    Stephen R. Hooper, Lara‐Jeane C. Costa, Melissa B. Green, Stephanie R. Catlett, Alexandra Barker, Edmund P. Fernandez, Richard A. Faldowski · 2019 · Reading and Writing
59. Biological sensitivity to context in Pakistani preschoolers: Hair cortisol and family wealth are interactively associated with girls’ cognitive skills
    Armstrong‐Carter, Emma, Finch, Jenna E., Siyal, Saima, Yousafzai, Aisha K., Obradović, Jelena · 2020 · Developmental Psychobiology
60. Executive function, language dominance and literacy skills in Spanish-speaking language-minority children: A longitudinal study
    Sarah V. Alfonso, Christopher J. Lonigan · 2021 · Early Childhood Research Quarterly
61. Early bilingualism enhances theory of mind in children from low-income households via executive function skills
    Rong Huang, Erin Ruth Baker, Tianlin Wang · 2023 · Cognitive Development
62. Self‐Regulation and Developmental Psychopathology: Experiential Canalization of Brain and Behavior
    Clancy Blair, C. Cybele Raver, Eric D. Finegood · 2016 · Wiley eBooks
63. Preschool neuropsychological predictors of school-aged sluggish cognitive tempo and inattentive behaviors
    Becker, Stephen P., Dvorsky, Melissa R., Tamm, Leanne, Willoughby, Michael T. · 2021 · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
64. Prenatal Risk Predicts Preschooler Executive Function: A Cascade Model
    Marie Camerota, Michael T. Willoughby · 2019 · Child Development
65. The Difference Between Saying and Doing: Comparing Subjective and Objective Measures of Effort Among Fifth Graders
    Apascaritei, Paula, Demel, Simona, Radl, Jonas · 2021 · American Behavioral Scientist
66. Cognitive, Noncognitive, and Home Environment Correlates of Reading Difficulties in Primary-Grade Students With Language Impairment
    Jayne Newbury, Laura Marie Justice, Hui Jiang, Mary Beth Schmitt · 2020 · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research
67. The factorial structure of executive functions in preschool and elementary school children and relations with intelligence
    Sophia Elisabeth Grobe, Tanja Könen, Christina David, Lena Grüneisen, Laura Dörrenbächer‐Ulrich, Franziska Perels, Julia Karbach · 2024 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
68. The factorial structure of executive functions in kindergarten children: an explorative study
    Eva Michel, Antonia Bimmüller · 2022 · Child Neuropsychology
69. MODELING THE EMERGENT EXECUTIVE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
    Sandra A. Wiebe · 2014 · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
70. Unity and Diversity of Dysexecutive Syndromes
    Mauricio A. García-Barrera · 2019 · Springer eBooks
71. Development of Cognitive Flexibility
    Agnès Blaye · 2022 · Wiley eBooks
72. Revisiting the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and executive functions in young children: Effect of measurement methods
    Wei Wei, Wenting Lu, Minmin Huang, Yan Li · 2023 · Frontiers in Psychology
73. Emerging coherence and relations to communication among executive function tasks in toddlers: Evidence from a Latin American sample
    Lucas G. Gago Galvagno, Stephanie E. Miller, Carolina De Grandis, Ángel Manuel Elgier · 2021 · Infancy
74. The unique relevance of executive functions and self‐regulation behaviors for understanding early childhood experiences and preschoolers’ outcomes in rural Pakistan
    Jelena Obradović, Jenna Elizabeth Finch, Catie Connolly, Saima Siyal, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai · 2022 · Developmental Science
75. Executive function skills account for a bilingual advantage in English novel word learning among low-income preschoolers
    Rong Huang, Erin Ruth Baker, Julie M. Schneider · 2023 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
76. EAST: Early Autism Screening Tool for Preschoolers
    Muhammad Bilal Arshad, Muhammad Farhan Sarwar, Meher Fatima Zaidi, Suleman Shahid · 2020 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
77. The epidemiology of observed temperament: Factor structure and demographic group differences
    Michael T. Willoughby, Cynthia A. Stifter, Nisha C. Gottfredson · 2015 · Infant Behavior and Development
78. The mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm in a lab setting
    Emily C. Merz, Laraine McDonough, Yong Lin Huang, Sophie Foss, Elizabeth A. Werner, Catherine E. Monk · 2017 · Developmental Psychobiology
79. Early Childhood Education and Care in the Netherlands : Quality, Curriculum, and Relations with Child Development
    Pauline Louise Slot · 2014 · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
80. Air pollution exposures in early life and brain development in children (ABC): protocol for a pregnancy cohort study
    Sarah Benki-Nugent, Faridah Hussein Were, Anne M. Riederer, Michael James Gatari, Catherine J. Karr, Edmund Seto, Beatrice Mutai, Susan Wamithi, Brent R. Collett, John Kinuthia et al. · 2025 · BMJ Paediatrics Open
81. Home Language Environment and Executive Functions in Mexican American and Chinese American Preschoolers in Head Start
    Stephanie L. Haft, Christopher L. Gys, Silvia A. Bunge, Yuuko Uchikoshi, Qing Zhou · 2021 · Early Education and Development
82. Do Intentions to Persist Predict Short-Term Computing Course Enrollments
    Rachel Harred, Tiffany M. Barnes, Susan Rebecca Fisk, Bita Akram, Thomas Price, Spencer Yoder · 2023 · ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)
83. A psychometric evaluation of the NIH Toolbox fluid cognition tests adapted for Swahili and Dholuo languages in Kenyan children and adolescents
    Megan S. McHenry, Anna W. Roose, Emily Abuonji, Mark Nyalumbe, David Ayuku, George Ayodo, Tuan M. Tran, Aaron James Kaat · 2023 · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
84. Executive Function and Spatial Skills in Children’s Block Play: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
    Zachary S. Gold, Yasmina Bayoun, Nina Howe, Kristen A. Dunfield · 2024 · Early Education and Development
85. Self‐Regulation in Preschool: Are Executive Function and Effortful Control Overlapping Constructs?
    Henning Heinze, Monika Daseking, Caterina Gawrilow, Julia Karbach, Julia Kerner auch Koerner · 2024 · Developmental Science
86. Developmental cascades and educational attainment
    Sammy F. Ahmed, Natasha Chaku, Nicholas E. Waters, Alexa Ellis, Pamela E. Davis-Kean · 2022 · Advances in child development and behavior
87. Differential Relations of Parental Behavior to Children’s Early Executive Function as a Function of Child Genotype: A Systematic Review
    Daphne M. Vrantsidis, Viktoria Wuest, Sandra A. Wiebe · 2022 · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
88. Assessing executive functions in preschoolers in Germany and Hong Kong: testing for measurement invariance
    Katharina Schirmbeck, Ronja A. Runge, Nirmala Rao, Rhoda Wang, Ben Richards, Stephanie W. Y. Chan, Claudia Mähler · 2022 · Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science
89. A Comparison of the Effects of Outdoor Physical Activity and Indoor Classroom-Based Activities on Measures of Executive Function in Preschoolers
    Marcia A. Rosiek, Jennifer L. Etnier, Michael T. Willoughby · 2022 · International Journal of Early Childhood
90. Funciones ejecutivas y autoestima en el desempeño académico: un análisis mediacional
    Alberto Quílez-Robres, Nieves Moyano, María del Pilar Alejandra Cortés Pascual · 2021 · International journal of psychological research
91. Overview of modern measurement theory and examples of its use to measure execution function in children.
    Carrie R. Houts, Andrea Savord, Robert J. Wirth · 2021 · Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology
92. Differential associations of maternal behavior to preschool boys' and girls' executive function
    Daphne M. Vrantsidis, Lauren S. Wakschlag, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Sandra A. Wiebe · 2022 · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
93. Association between Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Executive Functioning in Healthy Children
    E. Maldonado, Mari A. Nislin, Laura Marín, Ana Martínez‐Escribano, Alfredo Engüix, Cristina López, Alba Magarín, Ana Álamo, Paula Ortíz, Marina Muñoz et al. · 2019 · The Spanish Journal of Psychology
94. The Little Brain That Could
    Patricia Mulhearn Blasco, Sage N. Saxton, Mary Gerrie · 2013 · Young Exceptional Children
95. A Comparison of Three Executive Function Batteries in a Preschool-Aged Sample
    Laura Kuhn, Marie Camerota, Michael T. Willoughby, Clancy Blair · 2024 · Children
96. Criterion Validation of the Scale of Psychomotor Development (SPMD) in Developmental Delay Study of Pre-school Children
    Мирошников Сергей Александрович, Andrey Nasledov, Oksana Vladimirovna Zashchirinskaia · 2016 · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
97. Testing the Bilingual Cognitive Advantage in Toddlers Using the Early Executive Functions Questionnaire
    Kayla Beaudin, Diane Poulin‐Dubois · 2022 · Languages
98. Explaining the Prospective Association of Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors and Child ADHD Symptoms: Pathways Through Child Executive Function and Reward Responsivity
    Qi Zhang, James J. Li · 2022 · Journal of Attention Disorders
99. Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity During Measures of Volitional Self‐regulation Predicts School Readiness
    Steven J. Holochwost, Jennifer L. Coffman, Nicholas J. Wagner, Lindsay A. Gomes, Cathi B. Propper · 2023 · Mind Brain and Education
100. Early childhood education and care in the Netherlands
     Pauline Louise Slot · 2018 · Routledge eBooks