Cited by 381Authorship Attribution and ProfilingMental Health via WritingAttachment and Relationship Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Language style matching in writing: Synchrony in essays, correspondence, and poetry.

Ireland, Molly E., Pennebaker, James W.·2010·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0020386

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Each relationship has its own personality. Almost immediately after a social interaction begins, verbal and nonverbal behaviors become synchronized. Even in asocial contexts, individuals tend to produce utterances that match the grammatical structure of sentences they have recently heard or read. Three projects explore language style matching (LSM) in everyday writing tasks and professional writing. LSM is the relative use of 9 function word categories (e.g., articles, personal pronouns) between any 2 texts. In the first project, 2 samples totaling 1,744 college students answered 4 essay questions written in very different styles. Students automatically matched the language style of the target questions. Overall, the LSM metric was internally consistent and reliable across writing tasks. Women, participants of higher socioeconomic status, and students who earned higher test grades matched with targets more than others did. In the second project, 74 participants completed cliffhanger excerpts from popular fiction. Judges' ratings of excerpt-response similarity were related to content matching but not function word matching, as indexed by LSM. Further, participants were not able to intentionally increase style or content matching. In the final project, an archival study tracked the professional writing and personal correspondence of 3 pairs of famous writers across their relationships. Language matching in poetry and letters reflected fluctuations in the relationships of 3 couples: Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning, and Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. Implications for using LSM as an implicit marker of social engagement and influence are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0020386

Cites

123 of 123 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Logic and Conversation
Grice, H. P. (1975) · Speech Acts · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_003 · Cited by 23,221
A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1 · Cited by 8,307
A solution to Plato's problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge.
Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.104.2.211 · Cited by 6,282
Untitled work
(1960) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,851
The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods
Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x09351676 · Cited by 5,774
Self-citation
Speaking: from intention to articulation
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-1947 · Cited by 5,017
On Methods in the Analysis of Profile Data
Greenhouse, S. W., & Geisser, S. (1959) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289823 · Cited by 4,946
Grounding in communication.
Clark, H. H., & Brennan, S. E. (1991) · Perspectives on socially shared cognition. · doi:10.1037/10096-006 · Cited by 4,555
The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences
Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000022607.19833.00 · Cited by 4,093
Manuscript Preparation
Editorial Office (1997) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089297765555359 · Cited by 3,941

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 123 references

Sorted by citations

Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC)
Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-741-8.ch012 · Cited by 2,215
Self-citation
Measurement Matters: Assessing Personal Qualities Other Than Cognitive Ability for Educational Purposes
Duckworth, A. L., & Yeager, D. S. (2015) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x15584327 · Cited by 993
More than Words: The Influence of Affective Content and Linguistic Style Matches in Online Reviews on Conversion Rates
Ludwig, S., de Ruyter, K., Friedman, M., Brüggen, E. C., Wetzels, M. G. M., & Pfann, G. A. (2012) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.11.0560 · Cited by 759
The Antecedents and Consequences of Human Behavioral Mimicry
Chartrand, T. L., & Lakin, J. L. (2013) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143754 · Cited by 662
Language Style Matching Predicts Relationship Initiation and Stability
Ireland, M. E., Slatcher, R. B., Eastwick, P. W., Scissors, L. E., Finkel, E. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610392928 · Cited by 532
Self-citation
Bridging Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: CEO Temporal Focus, Environmental Dynamism, and Rate of New Product Introduction
Nadkarni, S., & Chen, J. (2014) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0401 · Cited by 497
Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and an Integrative Framework for the Therapeutic Alliance
Koole, S. L., & Tschacher, W. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00862 · Cited by 456
“Finally, people are spontaneously inclined to synchronize their word use, a tendency that occurs not only for content words (what someone is saying) but also for function words (how someone is saying it) (Pickering and Garrod, 2004; Ireland and Pennebaker, 2010).”
Background
Recent trends in deep learning based personality detection
Mehta, Y., Majumder, N., Gelbukh, A. F., & Cambria, E. (2019) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-019-09770-z · Cited by 352
Detecting, Preventing, and Mitigating Online Firestorms in Brand Communities
Herhausen, D., Ludwig, S., Grewal, D., Wulf, J., & Schögel, M. (2019) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/0022242918822300 · Cited by 374
Chameleons in imagined conversations: A new approach to understanding coordination of linguistic style in dialogsPreprint
Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C., & Lee, L. (2011) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1106.3077 · Cited by 364
The Grammar of Decoupling: A Cognitive-Linguistic Perspective on Firms’ Sustainability Claims and Stakeholders’ Interpretation
Crilly, D., Hansen, M. T., & Zollo, M. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0171 · Cited by 352
Natural language analysis and the psychology of verbal behavior: the past, present, and future states of the field
Boyd, R. L., & Schwartz, H. A. (2021) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x20967028 · Cited by 317
“Wii Will Rock You!” The Use and Effect of Figurative Language in Consumer Reviews of Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumption
Kronrod, A., & Danziger, S. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/671998 · Cited by 294
It doesn’t hurt to ask: Question-asking increases liking.
Huang, K., Yeomans, M., Brooks, A. W., Minson, J. A., & Francesca Gino, B. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000097 · Cited by 194
Developing Simplified Chinese Psychological Linguistic Analysis Dictionary for Microblog
Gao, R., Hao, B., He, L., Gao, Y., & Zhu, T. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02753-1_36 · Cited by 189
The signaling effect of management response in engaging customers: A study of the hotel industry
Li, C., Cui, G., & Peng, L. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.03.009 · Cited by 193
To engage or not engage? The features of video content on YouTube affecting digital consumer engagement
Munaro, A. C., Barcelos, R. H., Maffezzolli, E. C. F., Rodrigues, J. P. S., & Paraíso, E. C. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1939 · Cited by 172
Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation
Manson, J. H., Bryant, G. A., Gervais, M. M., & Kline, M. A. (2013) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.08.001 · Cited by 178
Dorian Gray without his portrait: Psychological, social, and physical health costs associated with the Dark Triad
Jonason, P. K., Baughman, H. M., Carter, G. L., & Parker, P. D. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.008 · Cited by 167
The impact of language style on consumers′ reactions to online reviews
Wu, L. L., Shen, H., Fan, A., & Mattila, A. S. (2016) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.09.006 · Cited by 169
The association of therapist empathy and synchrony in vocally encoded arousal.
Imel, Z. E., Barco, J. S., Brown, H. J., Baucom, B. R., Baer, J. S., Kircher, J. C., & Atkins, D. C. (2014) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034943 · Cited by 159
Revenue Generation Through Influencer Marketing
Beichert, M., Bayerl, A., Goldenberg, J., & Lanz, A. (2023) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/00222429231217471 · Cited by 153
More than reflections: empathy in motivational interviewing includes language style synchrony between therapist and client.
Lord, S. P., Sheng, E., Imel, Z. E., Baer, J., & Atkins, D. C. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.11.002 · Cited by 144
More than words: Do emotional content and linguistic style matching matter on restaurant review helpfulness?
Wang, X., Tang, L. R., & Kim, E. (2018) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.08.007 · Cited by 150
Bottom-Up and Top-Down: Predicting Personality with Psycholinguistic and Language Model Features
Mehta, Y., Fatehi, S., Kazameini, A., Stachl, C., Cambria, E., & Eetemadi, S. (2020) · Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icdm50108.2020.00146 · Cited by 146
Do Massively Pretrained Language Models Make Better Storytellers?
See, A., Pappu, A., Saxena, R., Yerukola, A., & Manning, C. D. (2019) · Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL) · doi:10.18653/v1/k19-1079 · Cited by 139
Psychological Text Analysis in the Digital Humanities
Boyd, R. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54499-1_7 · Cited by 133
Examination of CEO–CFO Social Interaction through Language Style Matching: Outcomes for the CFO and the Organization
Shi, W., Zhang, Y., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2018) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.1062 · Cited by 122
Analyzing big data in social media: Text and network analyses of an eating disorder forum
Moessner, M., Feldhege, J., Wolf, M., & Bauer, S. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22878 · Cited by 122
Do topic consistency and linguistic style similarity affect online review helpfulness? An elaboration likelihood model perspective
Yang, S., Zhou, C., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102521 · Cited by 104
It's Not Just What You Say, But How You Say It: The Effect of Language Style Matching on Perceived Quality of Consumer Reviews
Liu, A. X., Xie, Y., & Zhang, J. (2019) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2018.11.001 · Cited by 104
What’s yours is mine: exploring customer voice on Airbnb using text-mining approaches
Zhang, J. (2019) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-02-2018-2581 · Cited by 103
Take Their Word for It: The Symbolic Role of Linguistic Style Matches in User Communities1
Ludwig, S., de Ruyter, K., Mahr, D., Wetzels, M. G. M., Brüggen, E. C., & Ruyck, T. D. (2014) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2014/38.4.12 · Cited by 95
Free Speech and Safe Spaces: How Moderation Policies Shape Online Discussion Spaces
Gibson, A. D. (2019) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305119832588 · Cited by 116
The impact of language style accommodation during social media interactions on brand trust
Jakić, A., Wagner, M. O., & Meyer, A. (2017) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-12-2016-0325 · Cited by 101
Improving teamwork using real-time language feedback
Tausczik, Y., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2013) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2470654.2470720 · Cited by 89
Self-citation
The Echo Effect
Kulesza, W. M., Doliński, D., Huisman, A., & Majewski, R. (2013) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x13506906 · Cited by 93
Engagement in earnings conference calls
Rennekamp, K. M., Sethuraman, M., & Steenhoven, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101498 · Cited by 84
Are Atypical Things More Popular?
Berger, J. A., & Packard, G. M. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797618759465 · Cited by 82
Can AI Help in Ideation? A Theory-Based Model for Idea Screening in Crowdsourcing Contests
Bell, J. J., Pescher, C., Tellis, G. J., & Füller, J. (2023) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2023.1434 · Cited by 80
Theoretical Perspectives on Interpersonal Adjustments in Language and Communication
Gasiorek, J. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316226537.002 · Cited by 73
What makes population perception of review helpfulness: an information processing perspective
Guo, B., & Zhou, S. (2016) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-016-9234-7 · Cited by 73
The Impact of Online Review Content and Linguistic Style Matching on New Product Sales: The Moderating Role of Review Helpfulness
Topaloglu, O., & Dass, M. (2019) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/deci.12378 · Cited by 70
Language Style Matching, Engagement, and Impasse in Negotiations
Ireland, M. E., & Henderson, M. D. (2014) · Negotiation and Conflict Management Research · doi:10.1111/ncmr.12025 · Cited by 70
Self-citation
Language style matching and police interrogation outcomes.
Richardson, B. H., Taylor, P. J., Snook, B., Conchie, S. M., & Bennell, C. (2014) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000077 · Cited by 64
Engaging the Hearts and Minds of Followers: Leader Empathy and Language Style Matching During Appraisal Interviews
Meinecke, A. L., & Kauffeld, S. (2018) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-018-9554-9 · Cited by 73
Culture and getting to yes : The linguistic signature of creative agreements in the United States and Egypt
Gelfand, M. J., Severance, L. E., Lee, T., Bruss, C. B., Lun, J., Abdel-Latif, A.-H., Al‐Moghazy, A. A., & Ahmed, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2026 · Cited by 60
Detecting insider threats through language change.
Taylor, P. J., Dando, C. J., Ormerod, T. C., Ball, L. J., Jenkins, M. C., Sandham, A., & Menacere, T. (2013) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000032 · Cited by 59
Characterizing the Linguistic Chameleon: Personal and Social Correlates of Linguistic Style Accommodation
Muir, K., Joinson, A., Cotterill, R., & Dewdney, N. (2016) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/hcre.12083 · Cited by 59
Designing marketing content for social commerce to drive consumer purchase behaviors: A perspective from speech act theory
Wang, F. “., Xu, H., Hou, R., & Zhu, Z. (2022) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103156 · Cited by 84
Latent Semantic Similarity and Language Style Matching in Initial Dyadic Interactions
Babcock, M. J., Ta, V. P., & Ickes, W. J. (2013) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x13499331 · Cited by 58
Language use and style matching in supportive conversations between strangers and friends
Cannava, K. E., & Bodie, G. D. (2016) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407516641222 · Cited by 57
Diagnostic Features of Nonverbal Synchrony in Psychotherapy: Comparing Depression and Anxiety
Paulick, J., Rubel, J. A., Deisenhofer, A., Schwartz, B., Thielemann, D., Altmann, U., Boyle, K. S., Strauss, B. M., & Lutz, W. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9914-9 · Cited by 62
Attractive Chameleons Sell: The Mimicry‐Attractiveness Link
Kulesza, W. M., Szypowska, Z., Jarman, M. S., & Doliński, D. (2014) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20716 · Cited by 55
Language Style Matching as a Predictor of Perceived Social Support in Computer-Mediated Interaction Among Individuals Coping With Illness
Rains, S. A. (2015) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650214565920 · Cited by 54
She Said, She Said: Differential Interpersonal Similarities Predict Unique Linguistic Mimicry in Online Word of Mouth
Moore, S. G., & McFerran, B. (2017) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/690942 · Cited by 56
AI-generated recommendations: Roles of language style, perceived AI human-likeness, and recommendation agent
Baek, T. H., Kim, H. J., & Kim, J. (2025) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104106 · Cited by 59
Untangling a web of lies: Exploring automated detection of deception in computer-mediated communication
Ludwig, S., van Laer, T., de Ruyter, K., & Friedman, M. (2016) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2016.1205927 · Cited by 49
Sustainability Communication in Hotels: The Role of Cognitive Linguistics
Bernard, S., Rahman, I., & Douglas, A. C. (2023) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/10963480231158757 · Cited by 49
From complexity to clarity: How AI enhances perceptions of scientists and the public's understanding of science
Markowitz, D. M. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae387 · Cited by 68
Decoding social media speak: developing a speech act theory research agenda
Ludwig, S., & de Ruyter, K. (2016) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-04-2015-1405 · Cited by 50
Artificial Intelligence and the Psychology of Human Connection
Boyd, R. L., & Markowitz, D. M. (2026) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916251404394 · Cited by 78
What's in a word? Linguistic characteristics of Adult Attachment Interviews
Cassidy, J. A., Sherman, L. J., & Jones, J. D. (2011) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.636649 · Cited by 47
Dimensions of Self-Expression in Facebook Status Updates
Kramer, A. D. I., & Chung, C. K. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14140 · Cited by 47
“Why Would I Read a Mobile Review?” Device Compatibility Perceptions and Effects on Perceived Helpfulness
März, A., Schubach, S., & Schumann, J. H. (2017) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20979 · Cited by 47
Value co‐creation in online healthcare communities: The impact of patients’ reference frames on cure and care
Van Oerle, S., Lievens, A., & Mahr, D. (2018) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21111 · Cited by 43
Mimicry Is Presidential
Romero, D. M., Swaab, R. I., Uzzi, B., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215591168 · Cited by 40
Language Style Matching in Romantic Partners’ Conflict and Support Interactions
Bowen, J. D., Winczewski, L. A., & Collins, N. L. (2016) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x16666308 · Cited by 46
Minimizing the Pain and Probability of Rejection
Sommer, K. L., & Bernieri, F. J. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614549384 · Cited by 48
“We-ness” in Relationship-Defining Memories and Marital Satisfaction
Alea, N. L., Singer, J. A., & Labunko, B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9909-6_9 · Cited by 43
Cultural Breadth and Embeddedness: The Individual Adoption of Organizational Culture as a Determinant of Creativity
Choi, Y., Ingram, P. L., & Han, S. W. (2023) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00018392221146792 · Cited by 49
Does your style engage? Linguistic styles of influencers and digital consumer engagement on YouTube
Munaro, A. C., Barcelos, R. H., Maffezzolli, E. C. F., Rodrigues, J. P. S., & Paraíso, E. C. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108217 · Cited by 54
Emotional Self-Disclosure in Online Breast Cancer Support Groups: Examining Theme, Reciprocity, and Linguistic Style Matching
Malloch, Y. Z., & Taylor, L. D. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1434737 · Cited by 38
Signaling Dominance in Online Negotiations: The Role of Affective Tone
Belkin, L. Y., Kurtzberg, T. R., & Naquin, C. E. (2013) · Negotiation and Conflict Management Research · doi:10.1111/ncmr.12016 · Cited by 37
Communication Accommodation Theory: A Brief Review of the Literature
Elhami, A. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy · doi:10.36348/jaep.2020.v04i05.002 · Cited by 37
Can AI and AI-Hybrids Detect Persuasion Skills? Salesforce Hiring with Conversational Video Interviews
Chakraborty, I., Chiong, K. X., Dover, H. F., & Sudhir, K. (2024) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2023.0149 · Cited by 49
Is three a crowd? Examining rapport in investigative interviews.
Driskell, T., Blickensderfer, B., & Salas, E. (2012) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0029686 · Cited by 45
Characteristics and Correlates of Word Use in Physician-Patient Communication
Falkenstein, A., Tran, B. Q., Ludi, D., Molkara, A. M., Nguyen, H. L., Tabuenca, A. D., & Sweeny, K. M. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9792-x · Cited by 39
Diplomatic Chameleons: Language Style Matching and Agreement in International Diplomatic Negotiations
Bayram, A. B., & Ta, V. P. (2018) · Negotiation and Conflict Management Research · doi:10.1111/ncmr.12142 · Cited by 41
Examining Social Capital, Social Support, and Language Use in an Online Depression Forum: Social Network and Content Analysis
Pan, W., Feng, B., & Shen, C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17365 · Cited by 38
Understanding style, language and etiquette in email communication in higher education: a survey
Lewin‐Jones, J., & Mason, V. L. (2014) · Research in Post-Compulsory Education · doi:10.1080/13596748.2014.872934 · Cited by 37
Therapist–client language matching: Initial promise as a measure of therapist–client relationship quality.
Borelli, J. L., Sohn, L. M., Wang, B. A., Hong, K., DeCoste, C. L., & Suchman, N. E. (2018) · Psychoanalytic Psychology · doi:10.1037/pap0000177 · Cited by 41
What Does Patient-Centered Communication Look Like?: Linguistic Markers of Provider Compassionate Care and Shared Decision-Making and Their Impacts on Patient Outcomes
Zhou, Y., Callejas, M. L. A., Li, Y., & MacGeorge, E. L. (2021) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1989139 · Cited by 38
Social Indicators of Deception
Driskell, J. E., Salas, E., & Driskell, T. (2012) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720812446338 · Cited by 38
Responsive and Responsible: Customizing Management Responses to Online Traveler Reviews
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Qiao, S., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287520971046 · Cited by 35
Effect of interactive intensity on lexical alignment and L2 writing quality
Wang, M., Gan, Q., & Boland, J. E. (2022) · System (Linköping) · doi:10.1016/j.system.2022.102847 · Cited by 32
The Role of Consumer Speech Acts in Brand Activism: A Transformative Advertising Perspective
Fletcher‐Brown, J., Middleton, K., Thompson‐Whiteside, H., Turnbull, S., Tuan, A., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2024) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2023.2288828 · Cited by 33
Does involvement in corporate social irresponsibility affect the linguistic features of corporate social responsibility reports?
Corciolani, M., Nieri, F., & Tuan, A. (2019) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.1832 · Cited by 36
Audiences and Disasters: Analyses of Media Diaries Before and After an Earthquake and a Massive Fire
Correa, T., Scherman, A., & Arriagada, A. (2016) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12245 · Cited by 31
How developments in natural language processing help us in understanding human behaviour
Mihalcea, R. F., Biester, L., Boyd, R. L., Jin, Z., Pérez‐Rosas, V., Wilson, S. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01938-0 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Creating Effective Marketing Messages Through Moderately Surprising Syntax
Atalay, A. S., Kihal, S. E., & Ellsaesser, F. (2023) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/00222429231153582 · Cited by 29
Exploring the effects of official-structured managerial responses on hotel online popularity
Gong, C., Liu, J., Law, R., & Ye, Q. (2022) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103293 · Cited by 29
A study of manipulative and authentic negative reviews
Banerjee, S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2014) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM) · doi:10.1145/2557977.2557984 · Cited by 28
Exploring Self-Identified Counseling Expertise in Online Support Forums
Lahnala, A., Zhao, Y., WELCH, C. A., Kummerfeld, J. K., An, L. C., Resnicow, K., Mihalcea, R. F., & Pérez‐Rosas, V. (2021) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.392 · Cited by 30
Investigation of Goodreads’ reviews: Kakutanied, deceived or simply honest?
Hajibayova, L. (2019) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-07-2018-0104 · Cited by 28
Decoding the writing styles of disciplines: A large-scale quantitative analysis
Dong, S., Mao, J., Ke, Q., & Pei, L. (2024) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103718 · Cited by 29
Language and interaction: applying sociolinguistics to social network analysis
Diehl, D. K. (2018) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-018-0787-5 · Cited by 25
What’s not to like? Negations in brand messages increase consumer engagement
Pezzuti, T., & Leonhardt, J. M. (2022) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-022-00894-3 · Cited by 27
The role of explanations and metadiscourse in management responses to anger-reviews versus anxiety-reviews: The mediation of sense-making
Li, C., Cui, G., & He, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102560 · Cited by 24
Introducing rLSM: An integrated metric assessing temporal reciprocity in language style matching
Müller-Frommeyer, L. C., Frommeyer, N. A. M., & Kauffeld, S. (2018) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-018-1078-8 · Cited by 23

Authors: Ireland, M. E., & Pennebaker, J. W.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
ORCID: Ireland, Molly E.
Pennebaker, James W.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 99
Issue: 3
Pages: 549-571
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/a0020386
OpenAlex: W2152198378
Cited by: 380
References: 123
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 13.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Army Research Institute (W91WAW-07-C-0029)
Counterintelligence Field Activity (H9c104-07-C-0014)
Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (Z934002)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Authorship Attribution and Profiling
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Keywords: language style matching, function words, essay writing, poetry, social synchrony, interpersonal relationships, social influence, gender differences, socioeconomic status, test performance, popular fiction, professional writing, Elizabeth Barrett Browning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Language, Linguistics, Literature, Male, Poetry as Topic, Psychometrics, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Texas, Writing, Correspondence as Topic, Sex Distribution, Intention, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Language style matching in writing: Synchrony in essays, correspondence, and poetry.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks