The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stigma, social context, and mental health: Lesbian and gay couples across the transition to adoptive parenthood.
Open accessAbstract
This is the first study to examine change in depression and anxiety across the first year of adoptive parenthood in same-sex couples (90 couples: 52 lesbian, 38 gay male). Given that sexual minorities uniquely contend with sexual orientation-related stigma, this study examined how both internalized and enacted forms of stigma affect the mental health of lesbians and gay men during the transition to parenthood. In addition, the role of contextual support was examined. Higher perceived workplace support, family support, and relationship quality were related to lower depressive and anxious symptoms at the time of the adoption, and higher perceived friend support was related to lower anxiety symptoms. Lower internalized homophobia and higher perceived neighborhood gay-friendliness were related to lower depressive symptoms. Finally, individuals with high internalized homophobia who lived in states with unfavorable legal climates regarding gay adoption experienced the steepest increases in depressive and anxious symptoms. Findings have important implications for counselors working with sexual minorities, especially those experiencing the transition to parenthood.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Perceived organizational support.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 · Cited by 10,023
Perceived Organizational Support
(2017) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2nd edition · doi:10.4135/9781483386874.n398 · Cited by 4,398
Minority Stress and Mental Health in Gay Men
Meyer, I. H. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137286 · Cited by 4,264 · cited 6×
“Furthermore, internalized homophobia has been found to interact with the experience of discrimination to affect mental health, such that experiencing discrimination or prejudice is more distressing when individuals agree with the homophobic attitudes conveyed by the discrimination events (Meyer, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSpielberger, C. D. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0943 · Cited by 2,535
Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies
Procidano, M. E., & Heller, K. (1983) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00898416 · Cited by 2,245
Cochran, S. D., Sullivan, J. G., & Mays, V. M. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.1.53 · Cited by 1,109
Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective.
Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014672 · Cited by 983
When partners become parents: the big life change for couples
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-1572 · Cited by 825
Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals.
Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2009) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012844 · Cited by 781 · cited 3×
“The CES-D has established validity, and prior studies of lesbians and gay men show that the CES-D has good internal consistency in these populations (David & Knight, 2008; Frost & Meyer, 2009).”
BackgroundResult
Cited by
Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities
Lick, D. J., Durso, L. E., & Johnson, K. L. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613497965 · Cited by 783
Postpartum Depression is a Family Affair: Addressing the Impact on Mothers, Fathers, and Children
Letourneau, N. L., Dennis, C.-L., Benzies, K., Duffett-Leger, L., Stewart, M., Tryphonopoulos, P. D., Este, D., & Watson, W. (2012) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2012.673054 · Cited by 384
Resilience in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals
Kwon, P. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313490248 · Cited by 295
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R. K., Newnham, E. A., & Brennan, R. T. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12389 · Cited by 187
Pantelic, M., Steinert, J. I., Park, J., Mellors, S., & Murau, F. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001285 · Cited by 156
Metadata
- Authors
- Goldberg, A. E., & Smith, J. Z.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 139-150
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2130331246
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 54
- FWCI
- 17.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Stigma, social context, and mental health: Lesbian and gay couples across the transition to adoptive parenthood. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/a0021684
- The paper
- Goldberg, A. E., & Smith, J. Z. (2011). Stigma, social context, and mental health: Lesbian and gay couples across the transition to adoptive parenthood. Journal of Counseling Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021684
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.