The DOI matches its Crossref record; 225 of the 226 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: A century of research meta-analyzed.
Abstract
Clear associations of sleep, cognitive performance, and behavioral problems have been demonstrated in meta-analyses of studies in adults. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically summarize all relevant studies reporting on sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in healthy school-age children (5-12 years old) and incorporates 86 studies on 35,936 children. Sleep duration shows a significant positive relation with cognitive performance (r = .08, confidence interval [CI] [.06, .10]). Subsequent analyses on cognitive subdomains indicate specific associations of sleep duration with executive functioning (r = .07, CI [.02, .13]), with performance on tasks that address multiple cognitive domains (r = .10, CI = [.05, .16]), and with school performance (r = .09, CI [.06, .12]), but not with intelligence. Quite unlike typical findings in adults, sleep duration was not associated with sustained attention and memory. Methodological issues and brain developmental immaturities are proposed to underlie the marked differences. Shorter sleep duration is associated with more behavioral problems (r = .09, CI [.07, .11]). Subsequent analyses on subdomains of behavioral problems showed that the relation holds for both internalizing (r = .09, CI [.06, .12]) and externalizing behavioral problems (r = .08, CI [.06, .11]). Ancillary moderator analyses identified practices recommended to increase sensitivity of assessments and designs in future studies. In practical terms, the findings suggest that insufficient sleep in children is associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems. This is particularly relevant given society's tendency towards sleep curtailment.
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In the citing paper
“Nocturnal sleep disturbances affect daytime functioning, which is crucial for students’ performance during waking hours, and sleep plays a key role in cognitive function [79].”
From A serial mediation model of social media addiction and college students' academic engagement: the role of sleep quality and fatigue (2023) · cites this paper as [79]
In the citing paper
“Several studies indicated that sleep disturbances and sleep loss impairs learning and school performance in children (for reviews, see Refs.44,246,286,662,1178).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Of note, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that insufficient sleep was associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems in children. 44”
From Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
Citations
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(2000) · Cited by 9,198
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1 of the 226 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms
Lubans, D., Richards, J., Hillman, C., Faulkner, G., Beauchamp, M., Nilsson, M., Kelly, P., Smith, J., Raine, L., & Biddle, S. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1642 · Cited by 1,548
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D’Ambrosio, C. M., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., Malow, B. A., Maski, K. P., Nichols, C. D., Quan, S. F., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6288 · Cited by 925
“79 Shorter sleep duration has been linked to school-aged children’s and adolescents’ attention problems, 49,59,63,80 restless/impulsive behavior 48 ( 9 hours) and deterioration in vigilance 60 (30-minute sleep restriction).”
A Decade of EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Research in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis
Arns, M., Conners, C. K., & Kraemer, H. C. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712460087 · Cited by 608
Sleep and emotions: Bidirectional links and underlying mechanisms
Kahn, M., Sheppes, G., & Sadeh, A. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.010 · Cited by 550
“behavioral and psychomotor performance (Astill et al., 2012; Dinges, 2006; Lim and Dinges, 2010).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Astill, R. G., Van der Heijden, K. B., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Van Someren, E. J. W.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NL)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1109-1138
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2151099567
- Cited by
- 707
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 41.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research
- The Hague (VICI Innovation Grant 453-07-001)
- National Initiative Brain & Cognition Research Program (“Innovative Learning Materials and Methods” Grant 056-32-013)
- Sponsor name not included
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, elementary school students, cognitive performance, behavioral problems, executive function, academic performance, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, sustained attention, memory, sleep deprivation, brain development, intelligence
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors
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