Visual search and the aging brain: Discerning the effects of age-related brain volume shrinkage on alertness, feature binding, and attentional control.
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OBJECTIVE: Decline in visuospatial abilities with advancing age has been attributed to a demise of bottom-up and top-down functions involving sensory processing, selective attention, and executive control. These functions may be differentially affected by age-related volume shrinkage of subcortical and cortical nodes subserving the dorsal and ventral processing streams and the corpus callosum mediating interhemispheric information exchange. METHOD: Fifty-five healthy adults (25-84 years) underwent structural MRI and performed a visual search task to test perceptual and attentional demands by combining feature-conjunction searches with "gestalt" grouping and attentional cueing paradigms. RESULTS: Poorer conjunction, but not feature, search performance was related to older age and volume shrinkage of nodes in the dorsolateral processing stream. When displays allowed perceptual grouping through distractor homogeneity, poorer conjunction-search performance correlated with smaller ventrolateral prefrontal cortical and callosal volumes. An alerting cue attenuated age effects on conjunction search, and the alertness benefit was associated with thalamic, callosal, and temporal cortex volumes. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that older adults can capitalize on early parallel stages of visual information processing, whereas age-related limitations arise at later serial processing stages requiring self-guided selective attention and executive control. These limitations are explained in part by age-related brain volume shrinkage and can be mitigated by external cues.
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Older participants show steeper search slopes than younger participants in feature-conjunction conditions.
“However, in feature-conjunction conditions, where targets are distinguished from distractors by a combination of features (e.g., color and shape), older participants show steeper search slopes.”
From Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task (2015) · cites this paper as Müller-Oehring et al., 2013
The Results (§3.2) report greater visual-load effects with older age in organized and disorganized conjunction searches, consistent with steeper search slopes. The relationship was not found in cued conjunction search, so the unqualified claim about conjunction conditions is broader than the finding. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe magnitude of CRT slowing was similar to the age-related increases in search asymptotes observed in both feature search and conjunction search conditions.
“Finally, The magnitude of CRT slowing was similar to the age-related increases in search asymptotes observed in both feature search and conjunction search conditions (Plude and Doussard-Roosevelt, 1989; Hommel et al., 2004; Müller-Oehring et al., 2013).”
From Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task (2015) · cites this paper as Müller-Oehring et al., 2013
The Results (§3.2; page unavailable) report that older age correlated with slower responses in all visual-search tasks, including feature and conjunction search. They do not compare that slowing with CRT slowing or report age-related search asymptotes, so the claimed similarity in magnitude is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAging slows the more attentionally-demanding feature-integration stage of stimulus processing.
“These results suggest that aging slows the more attentionally-demanding feature-integration stage of stimulus processing (Plude and Doussard-Roosevelt, 1989; Müller-Oehring et al., 2013).”
From Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task (2015) · cites this paper as Müller-Oehring et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Müller-Oehring, E. M., Schulte, T., Rohlfing, T., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V.
- Affiliations
- SRI International (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Neuropsychology
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-59
- ISSN
- 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1559
- PMC
- PMC3718286
- OpenAlex
- W1997369333
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG017919)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA018022, AA010723, AA017168)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB008381)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- visual search, aging, conjunction search, feature binding, attentional cueing, alerting, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, selective attention, executive function, perceptual grouping, healthy older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Brain, Cues, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Visual Perception, Chi-Square Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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