Fast robust automated brain extraction
Open accessAbstract
An automated method for segmenting magnetic resonance head images into brain and non‐brain has been developed. It is very robust and accurate and has been tested on thousands of data sets from a wide variety of scanners and taken with a wide variety of MR sequences. The method, Brain Extraction Tool (BET), uses a deformable model that evolves to fit the brain's surface by the application of a set of locally adaptive model forces. The method is very fast and requires no preregistration or other pre‐processing before being applied. We describe the new method and give examples of results and the results of extensive quantitative testing against “gold‐standard” hand segmentations, and two other popular automated methods. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:143–155, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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As in a prior pilot trial of EC, these individuals were at elevated risk for executive dysfunction and likely exerted more effort to successfully develop inhibitory skills, which may be reflected by increased ACC activity.
“Thus, as in a prior pilot trial of EC (21), these individuals were at elevated risk for executive dysfunction and likely exerted more effort to successfully develop inhibitory skills, which may be reflected by increased ACC activity.”
From Evidence for Neurocognitive Plasticity in At-Risk Older Adults: The Experience Corps Program (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Smith, S. M.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Stephen M.
- ORCID
- Smith, Stephen M.
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-09-18
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 143-155
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871816
- OpenAlex
- W2071881327
- Cited by
- 10,496
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 338 · 2025: 439 · 2024: 517 · 2023: 527 · 2022: 611 · 2021: 669 · 2020: 689 · 2019: 688 · 2018: 657 · 2017: 647 · 2016: 620 · 2015: 678 · 2014: 564 · 2013: 564 · 2012: 505
- FWCI
- 61.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Siena
- Medical Research Council
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (GR/R77018/01)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- brain extraction, automated brain segmentation, deformable models
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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