Cited by 10,496Medical Image Segmentation TechniquesBrain Tumor Detection and ClassificationAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

Fast robust automated brain extraction

Open access
Smith, Stephen M.·2002·Human Brain Mapping

Abstract

An automated method for segmenting magnetic resonance head images into brain and non‐brain has been developed. It is very robust and accurate and has been tested on thousands of data sets from a wide variety of scanners and taken with a wide variety of MR sequences. The method, Brain Extraction Tool (BET), uses a deformable model that evolves to fit the brain's surface by the application of a set of locally adaptive model forces. The method is very fast and requires no preregistration or other pre‐processing before being applied. We describe the new method and give examples of results and the results of extensive quantitative testing against “gold‐standard” hand segmentations, and two other popular automated methods. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:143–155, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Crossref · 10.1002/hbm.10062

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  • As in a prior pilot trial of EC, these individuals were at elevated risk for executive dysfunction and likely exerted more effort to successfully develop inhibitory skills, which may be reflected by increased ACC activity.

    “Thus, as in a prior pilot trial of EC (21), these individuals were at elevated risk for executive dysfunction and likely exerted more effort to successfully develop inhibitory skills, which may be reflected by increased ACC activity.”

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Authors
Smith, S. M.
Affiliations
John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Smith, Stephen M.
Venue
Human Brain Mapping
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-09-18
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
143-155
ISSN
  • 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0193
OpenAlex
W2071881327
Cited by
10,496
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 338 · 2025: 439 · 2024: 517 · 2023: 527 · 2022: 611 · 2021: 669 · 2020: 689 · 2019: 688 · 2018: 657 · 2017: 647 · 2016: 620 · 2015: 678 · 2014: 564 · 2013: 564 · 2012: 505
FWCI
61.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Università degli Studi di Siena
  • Medical Research Council
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (GR/R77018/01)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords
brain extraction, automated brain segmentation, deformable models
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Animals, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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