The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression from childhood into late adolescence: Influence of gender, development, genetic susceptibility, and peer stress.
Open accessAbstract
Depression is a debilitating mental illness with clear developmental patterns from childhood through late adolescence. Here, we present data from the Gene Environment Mood (GEM) study, which used an accelerated longitudinal cohort design with youth (N = 665) starting in 3rd, 6th, and 9th grades, and a caretaker, who were recruited from the general community, and were then assessed repeatedly through semistructured diagnostic interviews every 6 months over 3 years (7 waves of data) to establish and then predict trajectories of depression from age 8 to 18. First, we demonstrated that overall prevalence rates of depression over time, by age, gender, and pubertal status, in the GEM study closely match those trajectories previously obtained in past developmental epidemiological research. Second, we tested whether a genetic vulnerability-stress model involving 5-HTTLPR and chronic peer stress was moderated by developmental factors. Results showed that older aged adolescents with SS/SL genotype, who experienced higher peer chronic stress over 3 years, were the most likely to be diagnosed with a depressive episode over time. Girls experiencing greater peer chronic stress were the most likely to develop depression. This study used repeated assessments of diagnostic interviewing in a moderately large sample of youth over 3 years to show that depression rates increase in middle to late adolescence, or postpubertally, and that the gender difference in depression emerges earlier in adolescence (age 12.5), or postpubertally. Additionally, genetically susceptible older adolescents who experience chronic peer stress were the most likely to become depressed over time.
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“Biologi -cal sex differences occur earlier in development for SAS (at least by 4th grade or 9 years-of-age in the current investi -gation) than depressive symptoms (8th grade or about 13 years-of-age, [26, 28]).”
From Co-Development of Anxious Solitude and Social Anxiety Symptoms from Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence: Increased Transactions After the Middle School Transition (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Several studies have shown that younger emerging adults and older adolescent students are more prone to depressive moods (Bayram and Bilgel 2008; Hankin et al. 2015)”
From Problematic online behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults: associations between cyberbullying perpetration, problematic social media use, and psychosocial factors (2019) · cites this paper as Hankin et al. 2015
In the citing paper
“it has been suggested that depressive feelings and problematic behaviors may peak around the last years of high school (Bayram and Bilgel 2008; Hankin et al. 2015).”
From Problematic online behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults: associations between cyberbullying perpetration, problematic social media use, and psychosocial factors (2019) · cites this paper as Hankin et al. 2015
In the citing paper
“This is also consistent with evidence from other pre-COVID studies indicating that middle and late adolescents are likely to experience more heightened levels of distress than their younger peers [65,66].”
From Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [66]
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Citations
Cites
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Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
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“The longitudinal studies of relatively large, community-based samples with repeated measures of diagnosable depression reveal that depression rates rise dramatically during adolescence (e.g., Costello et al., 2003; Hankin et al., 1998; Lewinshon, Rohde, Seeley, Klein, & Gotlib, 2000).”
BackgroundA self‐report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity and initial norms
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“A recent and comprehensive meta-analysis showed a robust, significant GxE in depression (Karg et al., 2011, but see Risch et al., 2009).”
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Why is depression more common among women than among men?
Kuehner, C. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30263-2 · Cited by 1,752
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Cicero, D. C., Conway, C. C., DeYoung, C. G., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Hallquist, M. N., Latzman, R. D., et al. (2021) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-093304 · Cited by 596
Nearchou, F., Flinn, C., Niland, R., Subramaniam, S. S., & Hennessy, E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228479 · Cited by 577
Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Symptoms of Adolescent Depression
Mullarkey, M. C., Marchetti, I., & Beevers, C. G. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1437735 · Cited by 519
Risk factors for depression: an autobiographical review
Hammen, C. (2018) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811 · Cited by 483
Metadata
- Authors
- Hankin, B. L., Young, J. F., Abela, J. R. Z., Smolen, A., Jenness, J. L., Gulley, L. D., Technow, J. R., Gottlieb, A. B., Cohen, J. R., & Oppenheimer, C. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Denver (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 803-816
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC4662048
- OpenAlex
- W2174766270
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 37.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH 077195 and R01-MH 077178)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, depression trajectories, childhood depression, gender differences in depression, pubertal stage, 5-HTTLPR, genetic susceptibility, accelerated longitudinal design, developmental epidemiology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Genotype, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Peer Group, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Gene-Environment Interaction
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