The dissemination and implementation of contingency management for substance use disorders: A systematic review.

Oluwoye, Oladunni; Kriegel, Liat; Alcover, Karl C.; McPherson, Sterling; McDonell, Michael G.; Roll, John M.

doi:10.1037/adb0000487

Cited by 61Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesHealth Policy Implementation ScienceOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

The dissemination and implementation of contingency management for substance use disorders: A systematic review.

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Oluwoye, Oladunni, Kriegel, Liat, Alcover, Karl C., McPherson, Sterling, McDonell, Michael G., Roll, John M.·2020·Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

DOI 10.1037/adb0000487PMC PMC6938576

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Abstract

Contingency management is one of the most effective behavioral interventions for substance use. However, the implementation of contingency management has not been as widespread as might be expected given its efficacy. This review summarizes literature that examines the dissemination and implementation of contingency management for substance use in community (e.g., specialized substance use treatment) and clinical (e.g., primary care) settings. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Databases including Google Scholar, World of Knowledge, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched. Search results yielded 100 articles and after the screening of titles and abstracts 44 were identified. Full-text articles were examined for eligibility and yielded 24 articles that were included in this review. Of the 24 articles included in the review, the majority (n = 11) focused on implementing contingency management in methadone clinics and opioid treatment programs. Training methods, implementation strategies, fidelity assessments, and attitudes toward the implementation of contingency management are discussed in greater detail. These findings highlight the importance of organizational input and ongoing supervision and consultation, and the need for additional research that is guided by theoretical frameworks and use rigorous study designs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

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Clinicians and other staff may initially resist contingency management because they mistakenly believe it rewards substance use and is inappropriate.
“Clinicians and other staff may initially resist adopting CM due to misconceptions that CM is rewarding people for substance use and, thus, inappropriate.48,54”
From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies limited provider understanding of CM as a barrier to implementation, supporting the general point that staff perceptions may hinder adoption. It does not say that clinicians or other staff resist CM because they believe it rewards substance use or is inappropriate. The Introduction instead describes CM as rewarding targeted behaviors such as abstinence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Montana, Washington, and California have started state-funded pilot programs implementing contingency management.
“Montana, Washington, and California have all begun state-funded pilot programs that implement CM.48”
From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results (Study Characteristics; page unavailable) describe statewide CM implementation efforts in South Carolina and New York, but do not address state-funded pilot programs in Montana, Washington, or California. Searches for those states and for state-funded CM pilots found no passage supporting the claim. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A recent report by the Motivational Incentives Policy Group provides unofficial 'guardrails' for using contingency management incentives in line with the OIG Final Rule.
“A recent report by the Motivational Incentives Policy Group-a stakeholder coalition of CM experts in policy, research, and legal analysis-outlines”
From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results section on Training Strategies discusses a NIDA/SAMHSA Motivational Incentives training package, not a report by the Motivational Incentives Policy Group. Searches for the group, OIG Final Rule, and legal guardrails found no passage in our copy addressing the attributed report or its guidance; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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“Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs present the opportunity through the use one of three designs to assess the effectiveness of CM, the delivery of CM, and the implementation in a real-world setting (Curran et al, 2012).”
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Authors: Oluwoye, O., Kriegel, L., Alcover, K. C., McPherson, S., McDonell, M. G., & Roll, J. M.
Affiliations: Washington State University Spokane (US)
ORCID: Oluwoye, Oladunni
Kriegel, Liat
Alcover, Karl C.
McPherson, Sterling
McDonell, Michael G.
Roll, John M.
Venue: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2020-02
Volume: 34
Issue: 1
Pages: 99-110
ISSN: 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
1939-1501
DOI: 10.1037/adb0000487
PMC: PMC6938576
OpenAlex: W2955382919
Cited by: 61
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5
FWCI: 3.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 150 d)
Locations: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020248; R01AA020248-05S1)
Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation
Orthopedic Specialty Institute
Ringful Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords: contingency management, substance use disorders, dissemination, implementation, methadone clinics, opioid use disorder treatment, primary care, intervention fidelity, employee training, implementation barriers
MeSH terms: Implementation Science, Attitude of Health Personnel, Behavior Therapy, Humans, Opioid-Related Disorders, Reinforcement, Psychology, Substance-Related Disorders, Information Dissemination

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The dissemination and implementation of contingency management for substance use disorders: A systematic review.

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