The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena.
Abstract
A theory of self-perception is proposed to provide an alternative interpretation for several of the major phenomena embraced by Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance and to explicate some of the secondary patterns of data that have appeared in dissonance experiments. It is suggested that the attitude statements which comprise the major dependent variables in dissonance experiments may be regarded as interpersonal judgments in which the observer and the observed happen to be the same individual and that it is unnecessary to postulate an aversive motivational drive toward consistency to account for the attitude change phenomena observed. Supporting experiments are presented, and metatheoretical contrasts between the "radical " behavioral approach utilized and the phenomenological approach typified by dissonance theory are discussed.
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“Bem (1967) found that, based on this procedural information alone, observers could accurately estimate how the participants had completed the evaluative ratings in the original study.”
From Unawareness of Attitudes, Their Environmental Causes, and Their Behavioral Effects (2025) · cites this paper as Bem 1967
In the citing paper
“Consistent with this analysis are two studies that stand out in the literature as rare instances of failures to find the correspondence bias.”
From Suspicion and Dispositional Inference (1993) · cites this paper as Bem's (1967)
In the citing paper
“Not only did the subjects in the low-incentive condition infer a more positive “real” attitude toward the task than the other subjects”
From Suspicion and Dispositional Inference (1993) · cites this paper as Bem's (1967)
In the citing paper
“but the subjects in the high-incentive condition made inferences that did not differ from those of control subjects who did not hear the target express any attitude toward the task.”
From Suspicion and Dispositional Inference (1993) · cites this paper as Bem's (1967)
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationWhen dissonance fails: On eliminating evaluation apprehension from attitude measurement.
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Bem, D. J. (1966) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023226 · Cited by 91
Self-citationAttitude change through reward of verbal behavior.
Scott, W. A. (1957) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040249 · Cited by 86
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Brehm, J. W., & Cohen, A. R. (1959) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040493 · Cited by 71
Verbalization and reactions to cognitive dissonance1
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1 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60214-2 · Cited by 8,822
Kristof‐Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x · Cited by 6,007
Bem, D. J. (1972) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60024-6 · Cited by 5,241
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bem, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bem, Daryl J.
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1967
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-200
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2138612226
- Cited by
- 2,959
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 119 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 86
- FWCI
- 140.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- self-perception, cognitive dissonance, attitude change, interpersonal judgment, self-consistency, phenomenological method, behavioral approach, metatheory
- MeSH terms
- Behavior, Humans, Perception, Self Concept
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