The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motivational effects of knowledge of results: A goal-setting phenomenon?
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“For instance, behavioral feedback can be inherently reinforcing, even independent of the information it provides (Hsee, Yang and Ruan 2015; Locke, Cartledge and Koeppel 1968; Verplanck 1956).”
From On or Off Track: How (Broken) Streaks Affect Consumer Decisions (2023) · cites this paper as Locke, Cartledge and Koeppel 1968
Citations
Cites
Orne, M. T. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0043424 · Cited by 4,041
Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives
Locke, E. A. (1968) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4 · Cited by 2,409
Self-citationYoung, P. T., & Arnold, M. B. (1963) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419805 · Cited by 1,437
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O., P. D., & Mackworth, N. H. (1950) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2980885 · Cited by 400
Effects of Knowledge of Performance: A Survey and Tentative Theoretical Formulation
Ammons, R. B. (1956) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1956.9920284 · Cited by 356
Goal setting as a means of increasing motivation.
Bryan, J. F., & Locke, E. A. (1967) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024566 · Cited by 253
Self-citationBilodeau, E. A., & Bilodeau, I. M. (1961) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.12.020161.001331 · Cited by 219
The relationship of intentions to level of performance.
Locke, E. A. (1966) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022937 · Cited by 163
Self-citationThe place of hypotheses and intentions: an analysis of verbal control in verbal conditioning1
Dulany, D. E. (1962) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02310.x · Cited by 153
Performance goals as determinants of level of performance and boredom.
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1967) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024471 · Cited by 146
Self-citationThe directing function of goals in task performance
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1969) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(69)90030-0 · Cited by 139
Self-citationMotivational effects of knowledge of results: Knowledge or goal setting?
Locke, E. A. (1967) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024771 · Cited by 134
Self-citationGoals and intentions as mediators of the effects of monetary incentives on behavior.
Locke, E. A., Bryan, J. F., & Kendall, L. M. (1968) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025492 · Cited by 122
Self-citationEffect of psychological feedback upon work decrement.
Payne, R. B., & Hauty, G. T. (1955) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0045068 · Cited by 105
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1966) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023550 · Cited by 98
Self-citationParkinson's Law as a goal-setting phenomenon
Bryan, J. F., & Locke, E. A. (1967) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(67)90021-9 · Cited by 92
Self-citationIncentives: some experimental studies.
Mace, C. A. (1935) · Cited by 74
Knowledge of score and goal level as determinants of work rate.
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1969) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026736 · Cited by 70
Self-citationGoal-Setting as a Determinant of the Effect of Knowledge of Score on Performance
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1968) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1420637 · Cited by 62
Self-citationThe Effects of Goal-Setting, Rule-Learning, and Knowledge of Score on Performance
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1966) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1420886 · Cited by 58
Self-citationSpielberger, C. D., Levin, S. M., & Shepard, M. G. (1962) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02308.x · Cited by 57
Knowledge of performance as an incentive in repetitive, monotonous tasks.
Chapanis, A. (1964) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047095 · Cited by 55
Information and incentive value of the reinforcing stimulus in verbal conditioning.
Spielberger, C. D., Bernstein, I. H., & Ratliff, R. G. (1966) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022658 · Cited by 45
Locke, E. A. (1968) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421061 · Cited by 43
Self-citationRelationship of Goal Level to Performance Level
Locke, E. A. (1967) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3c.1068 · Cited by 39
Self-citationChange in Reaction-Time as a Function of Knowledge of Results
Church, R. M., & Camp, D. S. (1965) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421087 · Cited by 32
Knowledge of results as an incentive in school room practice.
Brown, F. J. (1932) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0074392 · Cited by 29
The effect of external incentives on improvement.
Chapman, J. C., & Feder, R. B. (1917) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0070691 · Cited by 29
Ross, C. C. (1927) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0071095 · Cited by 26
The Will to Learn an Experimental Study of Incentives in Learning
Book, W. F., & Norvell, L. (1922) · The Pedagogical Seminary · doi:10.1080/08919402.1922.10532882 · Cited by 25
THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS IN LEARNING: A SURVEY
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Effects on Reaction Time of Partial Knowledge of Results of Performance
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The Effect of Learning Strategies upon Free Recall
Eagle, M. N. (1967) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1420376 · Cited by 24
An experimental investigation of recovery from work
Crawley, S. L. (1926) · Cited by 24
Effects on Reaction-Time of Knowledge of Results of Performance
McCormack, P. D., Binding, F. R. S., & Chylinski, J. (1962) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1962.14.3.367 · Cited by 23
Some effects of incentives on work and fatigue.
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The effect of knowledge of output on muscular work.
Manzer, C. W. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0057862 · Cited by 17
A closer look at level of aspiration as a training procedure: A reanalysis of Fryer's data.
Locke, E. A. (1966) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023754 · Cited by 13
Self-citationRate of manipulative learning as a function of goal-setting techniques.
Helmstadter, G. C., & Ellis, D. S. (1952) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0061113 · Cited by 7
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1982) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.92.1.111 · Cited by 2,650
Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980.
Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125 · Cited by 2,762
Self-citationConsequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations.
Ilgen, D. R., Fisher, C. D., & Taylor, M. S. (1979) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.64.4.349 · Cited by 1,822
A Closed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning
Adams, J. A. (1971) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1971.10734898 · Cited by 1,636
Knowledge of results and motor learning: A review and critical reappraisal.
Salmoni, A. W., Schmidt, R. A., & Walter, C. B. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.355 · Cited by 1,438
Metadata
- Authors
- Locke, E. A., Cartledge, N., & Koeppel, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- ORCID
- Locke, Edwin A.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1968-12
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 6, Pt.1
- Pages
- 474-485
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2043330268
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- knowledge of results, motivation, goal setting, feedback
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