The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motivational effects of knowledge of results: A goal-setting phenomenon?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For instance, behavioral feedback can be inherently reinforcing, even independent of the information it provides (Hsee, Yang and Ruan 2015; Locke, Cartledge and Koeppel 1968; Verplanck 1956).”
From On or Off Track: How (Broken) Streaks Affect Consumer Decisions (2023) · cites this paper as Locke, Cartledge and Koeppel 1968
Citations
Cites
Orne, M. T. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0043424 · Cited by 4,041
Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives
Locke, E. A. (1968) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4 · Cited by 2,409
Self-citationYoung, P. T., & Arnold, M. B. (1963) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419805 · Cited by 1,437
Researches on the Measurement of Human Performance.
O., P. D., & Mackworth, N. H. (1950) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2980885 · Cited by 400
Effects of Knowledge of Performance: A Survey and Tentative Theoretical Formulation
Ammons, R. B. (1956) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1956.9920284 · Cited by 356
Goal setting as a means of increasing motivation.
Bryan, J. F., & Locke, E. A. (1967) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024566 · Cited by 253
Self-citationBilodeau, E. A., & Bilodeau, I. M. (1961) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.12.020161.001331 · Cited by 219
The relationship of intentions to level of performance.
Locke, E. A. (1966) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022937 · Cited by 163
Self-citationThe place of hypotheses and intentions: an analysis of verbal control in verbal conditioning1
Dulany, D. E. (1962) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02310.x · Cited by 153
Performance goals as determinants of level of performance and boredom.
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F. (1967) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024471 · Cited by 146
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1982) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.92.1.111 · Cited by 2,650
Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980.
Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125 · Cited by 2,762
Self-citationConsequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations.
Ilgen, D. R., Fisher, C. D., & Taylor, M. S. (1979) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.64.4.349 · Cited by 1,822
A Closed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning
Adams, J. A. (1971) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1971.10734898 · Cited by 1,636
Knowledge of results and motor learning: A review and critical reappraisal.
Salmoni, A. W., Schmidt, R. A., & Walter, C. B. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.355 · Cited by 1,438
Metadata
- Authors
- Locke, E. A., Cartledge, N., & Koeppel, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- ORCID
- Locke, Edwin A.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1968-12
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 6, Pt.1
- Pages
- 474-485
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2043330268
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- knowledge of results, motivation, goal setting, feedback
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review