CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 309Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A comparative test of the status envy, social power, and secondary reinforcement theories of identificatory learning.

Bandura, Albert, Ross, Dorothea, Ross, Sheila A.·1963·The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/h0046546
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

According to the status envy theory of identification recently proposed by J. W. M. Whiting, where a child competes unsuccessfully with an adult for affection, attention, food, and care, the child will envy the consumer adult and consequently identify with him. Whiting's theory represents an extension of the Freudian defensive identification hypothesis that identificatory behavior is the outcome of rivalrous interaction between the child and the parent who occupies an envied consumer status. In accordance with the social power theory of identification, but contrasting with the status envy hypothesis, one would predict that children will reproduce more of the behavior of the adult who controls positive reinforcers, and that power inversions on the part of the male and female models will produce cross-sex imitation. The secondary reinforcement theory of identification, which has been alluded to in the discussion of social power through attractiveness, has been elaborated in greatest detail by O. H. Mowrer.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/h0046546

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 16 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–308 of 308

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Venue
The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1963-12
Volume
67
Issue
6
Pages
527-534
ISSN
0096-851X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1037/h0046546
OpenAlex
W1989302046
Cited by
309
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
12.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
identification, parental love, positive reinforcement, power inversion, attractiveness, whiting
MeSH terms
Child, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Learning, Psychology, Social, Reinforcement, Psychology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review