Development and validation of the new Somatomorphic matrix–male: a figural rating scale for measuring male actual–ideal body discrepancy
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and examine the validity evidence of the New Somatomorphic Matrix-Male (NSM-M) as a measure of actual-ideal body discrepancy. The NSM-M is a visual matrix of 34 male bodies that vary along two dimensions: body fat percentage (range = 4-40%) and muscularity (fat-free mass index; range = 16.5-30 kg/m2; 36.4-66.1 lbs/m2). In Study 1, participants were 2,733 sexual minority males recruited via a geosocial networking smartphone application. Participants selected their actual and ideal bodies on the NSM-M and additionally completed questionnaires measuring body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, quality of life, and anabolic steroid use. In Study 2, participants were 33 males from a community sample. They completed the NSM-M across two sessions, 7-14 days apart. NSM-M scores demonstrated concurrent and convergent validity as a measure of male body dissatisfaction. In addition, NSM-M scores discriminated between steroid users and nonusers, and between body mass index categories. The NSM-M also demonstrated sound test-retest reliability across a 7- to 14-day period. In sum, the NSM-M is validated figural measure of male actual-ideal body discrepancy with notable strengths, including fast administration time and enhanced ecological validity.
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Talbot et al. produced a CGI set of images based on the somatomorphic-matrix drawings with the addition of simulated muscle tone and shape.
“To try and address this issue, Talbot et al. produced a CGI set of images based on this set of drawings with the addition of simulated muscle tone and shape”
From The degree to which the cultural ideal is internalized predicts judgments of male and female physical attractiveness (2022) · cites this paper as Talbot et al., 2019
Previous studies have used body scales which systematically vary combinations of muscle mass and adiposity in so-called somatomorphic matrices.
“Previous studies have used body scales which systematically vary combinations of muscle mass and adiposity in so-called somatomorphic matrices [e.g., (Cafri and Thompson, 2004; Talbot et al., 2019)].”
From The degree to which the cultural ideal is internalized predicts judgments of male and female physical attractiveness (2022) · cites this paper as Talbot et al., 2019
The hand-drawn somatomorphic-matrix bodies have been criticized for being of poor quality and providing limited information about musculature and tone.
“These hand-drawn bodies have been criticized for being of poor quality and providing limited information about musculature and tone (Talbot et al., 2019).”
From The degree to which the cultural ideal is internalized predicts judgments of male and female physical attractiveness (2022) · cites this paper as Talbot et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Talbot, D., Smith, E., Cass, J., & Griffiths, S.
- Venue
- Psychology of Men & Masculinities
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 356-367
- ISSN
- 1524-9220 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-151X
- OpenAlex
- W2864465431
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- body image, anabolic steroid use, body fat percentage, muscularity, fat-free mass index, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, concurrent validity
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