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Cited by 331

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Racial bias in judgments of physical size and formidability: From size to threat.

Open access
Wilson, John Paul, Hugenberg, Kurt, Rule, Nicholas O.·2017·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Abstract

Black men tend to be stereotyped as threatening and, as a result, may be disproportionately targeted by police even when unarmed. Here, we found evidence that biased perceptions of young Black men's physical size may play a role in this process. The results of 7 studies showed that people have a bias to perceive young Black men as bigger (taller, heavier, more muscular) and more physically threatening (stronger, more capable of harm) than young White men. Both bottom-up cues of racial prototypicality and top-down information about race supported these misperceptions. Furthermore, this racial bias persisted even among a target sample from whom upper-body strength was controlled (suggesting that racial differences in formidability judgments are a product of bias rather than accuracy). Biased formidability judgments in turn promoted participants' justifications of hypothetical use of force against Black suspects of crime. Thus, perceivers appear to integrate multiple pieces of information to ultimately conclude that young Black men are more physically threatening than young White men, believing that they must therefore be controlled using more aggressive measures. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Metadata

Authors
Wilson, J. P., Hugenberg, K., & Rule, N. O.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Published
2017-07
Volume
113
Issue
1
Pages
59-80
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
OpenAlex
W2596084735
Cited by
331
References
96
FWCI
67.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Racial bias in judgments of physical size and formidability: From size to threat. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/pspi0000092
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Wilson, J. P., Hugenberg, K., & Rule, N. O. (2017). Racial bias in judgments of physical size and formidability: From size to threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000092

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