CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 5,673Social and Intergroup PsychologyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components

Devine, Patricia G.·1989·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

University of Wisconsin--Madis on Three studies tested basic assumptions derived from a theoretical model based on the dissociation ofantomatic and controlled processes involved in prejudice. Study I supported the model's assumption that high- and low-prejudice persons are equally knowledgeable of the cultural stereotype. The model suggests that the stereotype is automatically activated in the presence of a member (or some symbolic equivalent) of the stereotyped group and that Iow-prejudiee responses require controlled inhibition of the automatically activated stereotype. Study 2, which examined the effects of automarie stereotype activation on the evaluation of ambiguous stereotype-relevant behaviors performed by a race-unspecified person, suggested that when subjects' ability to consciously monitor stereotype activation is precluded, both high- and low-prejudice subjects produce stereotype-congruent evaluations of ambiguous behaviors. Study 3 examined high- and low-prejudice subjects' responses in a consciously directed thought-listing task. Consistent with the model, only low-prejudice subjects inhibited the automatically activated stereotype-congruent thoughts and replaced them with thoughts reflecting equality and negations of the stereotype. The relation between stereotypes and prejudice and implications for prejudice reduction are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5

Cites

71 of 71 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Intergroup bias can translate into verbal and nonverbal interpersonal communication within teams.

    “With regard to diagnosing intergroup bias, research has shown that intergroup bias can translate into verbal and nonverbal interpersonal communication within teams (Devine, 1989;Dovidio, Kawakami, & Gaertner, 2002;Fiske, 1998;Hekman et al., 2010).”

    From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989

  • Overcoming prejudice is a protracted process that requires considerable effort in the pursuit of a nonprejudiced goal.

    “Devine’s habit-breaking analysis of prejudice reduction, which argues that overcoming prejudice is a protracted process that requires considerable effort in the pursuit of a nonprejudiced goal”

    From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989

  • Implicit race biases are automatically activated and often unintentional, and are major contributors to the perpetuation of discrimination.

    “Several theorists have implicated implicit race biases, which are automatically activated and often unintentional, as major contributors to the perpetuation of discrimination”

    From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989

  • Implicit bias is like a habit that can be reduced through a combination of awareness of implicit bias, concern about the effects of that bias, and the application of strategies to reduce bias.

    “The intervention is based on the premise that implicit bias is like a habit that can be reduced through a combination of awareness of implicit bias, concern about the effects of that bias, and the application of strategies to reduce bias.”

    From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989

  • Implicit biases persist and are powerful determinants of behavior because people lack personal awareness of them and they can occur despite conscious nonprejudiced attitudes or intentions.

    “Many theorists argue that implicit biases persist and are powerful determinants of behavior precisely because people lack personal awareness of them and they can occur despite conscious nonprejudiced attitudes or intentions”

    From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 72 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Devine, P. G.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Devine, Patricia G.
ORCID
Devine, Patricia G.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1989-01
Volume
56
Issue
1
Pages
5-18
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
OpenAlex
W2127629438
Cited by
5,673
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 100 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 158 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 190 · 2020: 300 · 2019: 231 · 2018: 225 · 2017: 222 · 2016: 257 · 2015: 233 · 2014: 240 · 2013: 237 · 2012: 256
FWCI
128.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
stereotypes, prejudice, automatic processes, controlled processes, stereotype activation, prejudice reduction, racial stereotypes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review