Coral Growth and Geochronometry
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Archaeopteryx somatically matured in no less than 970 days.
“estimates that Archaeopteryx somatically matured in no less than 970 days (Figure 9) (there were 375 days in a Late Jurassic year; [37])”
From Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx (2009) · cites this paper as [37]
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Coral Chronometers: Seasonal Growth Bands in Reef Corals
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“Its period of rotation around its axis, presently 24 h, has experienced deceleration, such that day length has increased through geological time, from ~21 h at the beginning of the Cambrian (Wells 1963).”
BackgroundGeochemical Perspectives on Coral Mineralization
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“By counting the number of daily bands within annual bands of ancient corals, Wells (1963) was able to monitor the gradual slowing of the earth’s rotation due to tidal friction.”
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“Exponential stage growth rates were converted to daily growth rates using the appropriate number of days in the Mesozoic er”
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“The length of the fundamental period of the circadian clock, however, was most certainly not always approximately 24 h. In the geological past, the length of the day was much shorter than presently, because the earth rotated faster around its own axis, and the distance between earth and moon was shorter ( Wells 1963;…”
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“Fossil evidence from corals (Wells, 1963) and nautiloids (Kahn and Pompea, 1978) suggest that daily rhythms were present as long ago as 400 million years.”
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“Evidence for this includes: 1) the finding of exceptionally slow growing bone tissues suggesting prolonged development relative to living birds, 2) estimates that Archaeopteryx somatically matured in no less than 970 days (Figure 9) (there were 375 days in a Late Jurassic year; [37]), 3) growth lines that not only bri…”
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“This conclusion is further constrained by the biochronometric evidence recorded in corals (Wells, 1962; Scrutton, 1964).”
BackgroundTidal Growth Increments in the Cockle Clinocardium nuttalli
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“Analysis of daily and monthly growth bands present on Paleozoic and Mesozoic invertebrate fossils revealed changes in the lengths of the day and month and offered a new line of evidence in the field (e.g. Wells, 1963; Berry and Barker, 1968).”
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“Fossil corals (not scleractinians) from 350 to 400 million years ago show between 365 and 410 daily growth lines per annual ring, and these can be used as geochronometers (Wells, 1963).”
BackgroundDissepiments, density bands and signatures of thermal stress in Porites skeletons
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“For example, Wells (1963) combined circadian (*d-1) and annual (*yr-1) growth ridges in fossil solitary corals to track changes in day length over millions of years.”
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“Such bands were recognized early in the history of coral research (Ma, 1934; Wells, 1963; Runcorn, 1966; Shinn, 1966) for their relationship to skeletal growth rates and as environmental recorders (Knutson et al., 1972; Dodge and Vaisnys, 1975).”
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“Early work (Wells 1963; Runcorn 1966) uncovered a way to determine that the number of days in the year decreased through the Phanerozoic (review in Hughes 1985).”
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“Thus, corals provide an excellent opportunity to measure the changes in length of day at various times in the Earth's geologic history (Wells 1963).”
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“…across a range of fields, including ecology (e.g., Rhoads and Pannella, 1970; Rhoads and Lutz, 1980: Black et al., 2018), geophysics (e.g., Wells, 1963; Rosenberg and Runcorn, 1975; Zachariasen et al., 2000), archaeology (e.g., Coutts, 1970; Andrus, 2011; Wang et al., 2013), climate…”
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“Estimates of the number of days per year from 850 Ma and 360 Ma of 435 and 397 respectively all compute to an approximately 3.5 × 1012 W average continuous loss of rotational kinetic energy (see Wells 1963; Munk 1966; Vanyo & Awramik 1985).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- WELLS, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- WELLS, JOHN W.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1963-03
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 4871
- Pages
- 948-950
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2065073835
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 14.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Keywords
- coral growth, geochronology, coral dating, coral growth rate
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