Citation Indexing for Studying Science
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Citations do not always equate endorsement.
“Citations do not always equate endorsement, therefore it is important to understand the context of a citation.”
From Evaluating the Accuracy of scite, a Smart Citation Index (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
Cites
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Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas
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Self-citationScientific Output and Recognition: A Study in the Operation of the Reward System in Science
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Rodenticidal Effect on Pine Mice of Endrin Used as a Ground Spray
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Self-citationBulletin of the Atomic Scientists
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Some Correlates of a Citation Measure of Productivity in Science
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Self-citationNorth America: No Hats in Air for Apollo
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior
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Visualizing a field of research: A methodology of systematic scientometric reviews
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Is citation analysis a legitimate evaluation tool?
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Self-citationThe First Two Decades of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
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A bibliometric approach to tracking big data research trends
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What is bibliometrics and why should you care?
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What is project governance and what are its origins?
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Introduction to Webometrics: Quantitative Web Research for the Social Sciences
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Some bibliometric correlates of quality in scientific research
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Global urbanization research from 1991 to 2009: A systematic research review
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Clickstream Data Yields High-Resolution Maps of Science
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Assessment of world aerosol research trends by bibliometric analysis
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Digital Academic Entrepreneurship: A structured literature review and avenue for a research agenda
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Which Medical Journals Have the Greatest Impact?
Garfield, E. (1986) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-313 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationA bibliometric analysis of world volatile organic compounds research trends
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Line, M. B., & Sandison, A. (1974) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/eb026583 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
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Publication Trends in Acupuncture Research: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis Based on PubMed
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Toward a Behavioral Definition of Genius
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Of Nobel class: A citation perspective on high impact research authors
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Self-citationKurtz, M. J., & Bollen, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/aris.2010.1440440108 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Interrelationships of scientific journals
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The top-cited research works in the Science Citation Index Expanded
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Mapping knowledge domains: Characterizing PNAS
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A bibliometric analysis of two decades of aromatherapy research
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Clustering of scientific journals
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Bibliometric analysis on global Parkinson's disease research trends during 1991–2006
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Analyzing data citation practices using the data citation index
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Is Western Europe losing the technological race?
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Scientometric analysis of geostatistics using multivariate methods
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A bibliometric study of highly cited reviews in the S cience C itation I ndex expanded™
Ho, Y., & Kahn, M. (2013) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.22974 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Root-Bernstein, R. S., Bernstein, M., & Gamier, H. (1993) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419309534491 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Citations and the evaluation of individual scientists
Cole, S. (1989) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90078-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bibliometric trend analysis on global graphene research
Lv, P. H., Wang, G., Wan, Y., Liu, J., Liu, Q. J., & Ma, F. (2011) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0386-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Bibliometric analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related research in the beginning stage
Chiu, W., Huang, J.-S., & Ho, Y. (2004) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1023/b:scie.0000037363.49623.28 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Knowledge diffusion path analysis of data quality literature: A main path analysis
Xiao, Y., Lu, L. Y. Y., Liu, J. S., & Zhou, Z. (2014) · Journal of Informetrics · doi:10.1016/j.joi.2014.05.001 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Bibliometric analysis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus treatments
Hsieh, W.-H., Chiu, W., Lee, Y., & Ho, Y. (2004) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1023/b:scie.0000027793.12866.58 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
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Pasterkamp, G., Rotmans, J. I., de Kleijn, D. P. V., & Borst, C. (2007) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-007-0109-5 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Is performance measurement suitable for an extended enterprise?
Lehtinen, J., & Ahola, T. (2010) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/01443571011018707 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
International collaboration in LIS: global trends and networks at the country and institution level
Han, P., Shi, J., Li, X., Wang, D., Shen, S., & Su, X. (2013) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1146-x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Computer-Assisted Legal Linguistics: Corpus Analysis as a New Tool for Legal Studies
Vogel, F., Hamann, H., & Gauer, I. (2017) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/lsi.12305 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hochheiser, H., & Shneiderman, B. (2001) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/1532-2890(2000)9999:9999 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Citation analysis of research performer quality
Kostoff, R. N. (2002) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1023/a:1014831920172 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Citation analysis and journal impact factors in ophthalmology and vision science journals
Sims, J. L., & McGhee, C. N. J. (2003) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1046/j.1442-9071.2003.00610.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ranking themes on co-word networks: Exploring the relationships among different metrics
Zhao, W., Mao, J., & Lü, K. (2017) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2017.11.005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Identifying technology convergence in the field of robotics research
Kose, T., & Sakata, I. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Impact factors, scientometrics and the history of citation-based research
SMITH, D. R. (2012) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-012-0685-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Historical Development of the Journal Impact Factor and its Relevance for Occupational Health
SMITH, D. R. (2007) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.45.730 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
POWER LAW RELATIONS IN SCIENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY—A SELF‐CONSISTENT INTERPRETATION
NARANAN, S. (1971) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/eb026510 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Mapping Creative Tourism Research: Reviewing the Field and Outlining Future Directions
Galvagno, M., & Giaccone, S. C. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348019862030 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
U.S. academic departmental Web-site interlinking in the United States Disciplinary differences
Tang, R., & Thelwall, M. A. (2003) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/s0740-8188(03)00053-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Citation Analysis: Queries and Caveats
Porter, A. L. (1977) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/030631277700700207 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Worldwide interest in the comet assay: a bibliometric study
Neri, M., Milazzo, D., Ugolini, D., Milić, M., Campolongo, A., Pasqualetti, P., & Bonassi, S. (2014) · Mutagenesis · doi:10.1093/mutage/geu061 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Musgrave, A. E. (1971) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/22.3.287 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mapping the “Worlds” of the World Wide Web
Brunn, S. D., & Dodge, M. (2001) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764201044010011 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wouters, P. F. (1998) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/bf02457980 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
La Bibliometría en la evaluación de la actividad científica
Tomás-Górriz, V., & Tomás-Casterá, V. (2018) · Hospital a Domicilio · doi:10.22585/hospdomic.v2i4.51 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Quantitative trends in sponge ecology research
Becerro, M. A. (2008) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2008.00234.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Top-cited articles in medical professionalism: a bibliometric analysis versus altmetric scores
Azer, S. A., & Azer, S. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029433 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Citation Analysis and the Quality of Scientific Productivity
Lawani, S. M. (1977) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1297790 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Giordano, V., Chiarello, F., Melluso, N., Fantoni, G., & Bonaccorsi, A. J. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3078231 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Selected Personality Traits and Achievement in Male Scientists
Busse, T. V., & Mansfield, R. S. (1984) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1984.9923626 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The other side of the coin: The intricacies of author self-citations
Pichappan, P., & Sarasvady, S. (2002) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1023/a:1016070029935 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Research Performance Indications in the University Sector
Johnes, G. (1987) · Higher Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1987.tb02114.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Temporal trend, geographic distribution, and publication quality in asbestos research
Ugolini, D., Bonassi, S., Cristaudo, A., Leoncini, G., Ratto, G. B., & Neri, M. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3925-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The myth of delayed recognition
Glänzel, W., & Garfield, E. (2004) · Lirias · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal obesity research trends during 1999 to 2017
Zhao, N., Tao, K., Wang, G., & Xia, Z. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000014132 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Rise and Fall of Structural Contingency Theory: A Theory’s ‘autopsy’
Shenkar, O., & Ellis, S. (2021) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12772 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Facing Diversity of Science: A Challenge for Bibliometric Indicators
Zitt, M. (2005) · Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives · doi:10.1207/s15366359mea0301_6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ophthalmology and vision science research
Cartwright, V. A., & McGhee, C. N. J. (2005) · Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.10.031 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Martin, B. R., & Irvine, J. M. (1993) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(93)90049-n · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bibliometric analysis of complementary and alternative medicine research over three decades
Junying, F., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y.-H., Huang, M., & Chen, D. (2011) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0391-0 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Trend detection through temporal link analysis
Amitay, E., Carmel, D., Herscovici, M., Lempel, R., & Soffer, A. (2004) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20082 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Impact factors and their significance; overrated or misused?
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Social Media Research, Human Behavior, and Sustainable Society
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STUDIES ON PATENT CITATION NETWORKS
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A Citation Analysis of the Influence on Research of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior
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New Tools for Improving and Evaluating The Effectiveness of Research
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Managing Networks of Creativity
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Rankings and Trends in Citation Patterns of Communication Journals
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Ciência brasileira na base de dados do Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)
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A snapshot of renewable energy research in Turkey
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Research assessment and monetary rewards: the overemphasized impact factor in China
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Bibliometric Analysis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research Trends
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Publication analysis on insomnia: how much has been done in the past two decades?
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- Authors
- GARFIELD, E.
- Corresponding author
- GARFIELD, E.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1970-08
- Volume
- 227
- Issue
- 5259
- Pages
- 669-671
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1976462278
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 21.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Library Science and Information
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
- Keywords
- citation indexing, Science Citation Index, scientific impact, sociometric analysis, history of science, sociology of science
- MeSH terms
- Abstracting and Indexing, Genetics, Information Systems, Nobel Prize, Pennsylvania, Research, Science, Sociometric Techniques, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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