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Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly presents a 'bottom-up' approach to the fabrication of objects specified with nanometre precision. DNA molecular structures and intermolecular interactions are particularly amenable to the design and synthesis of complex molecular objects. We report the design and observation of two-dimensional crystalline forms of DNA that self-assemble from synthetic DNA double-crossover molecules. Intermolecular interactions between the structural units are programmed by the design of 'sticky ends' that associate according to Watson-Crick complementarity, enabling us to create specific periodic patterns on the nanometre scale. The patterned crystals have been visualized by atomic force microscopy.
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“Robust, rigid DNA tiles with programmable “sticky ends” have been made using double-crossover (DX),141 triple-crossover (TX),142 and single-stranded tile (SST)143 motifs and used for a variety of algorithmic self-assembly experiments.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [141]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Winfree, E., Liu, F., Wenzler, L. A., & Seeman, N. C.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Winfree, Erik
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 394
- Issue
- 6693
- Pages
- 539-544
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1567090568
- Cited by
- 2,857
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 118 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 142 · 2012: 139
- FWCI
- 14.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Theoretical Computer Science › DNA and Biological Computing
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Keywords
- DNA self-assembly, sticky ends, Watson-Crick complementarity, synthetic DNA, nanopatterning, periodic patterns, bottom-up nanofabrication
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Crystallization, DNA, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Surface Properties, Microscopy, Atomic Force
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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