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An artificial landscape-scale fishery in the Bolivian Amazon

Erickson, Clark L.·2000·Nature
DOI 10.1038/35041555
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Abstract

Historical ecologists working in the Neotropics argue that the present natural environment is an historical product of human intentionality and ingenuity, a creation that is imposed, built, managed and maintained by the collective multigenerational knowledge and experience of Native Americans. In the past 12,000 years, indigenous peoples transformed the environment, creating what we now recognize as the rich ecological mosaic of the Neotropics. The prehispanic savanna peoples of the Bolivian Amazon built an anthropogenic landscape through the construction of raised fields, large settlement mounds, and earthen causeways. I have studied a complex artificial network of hydraulic earthworks covering 525 km2 in the Baures region of Bolivia. Here I identify a particular form of earthwork, the zigzag structure, as a fish weir, on the basis of form, orientation, location, association with other hydraulic works and ethnographic analogy. The native peoples used this technology to harvest sufficient animal protein to sustain large and dense populations in a savanna environment.

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  • Erickson (2000) found vestiges, visible in aerial photographs, of earth structures in Baures (Bolivian Amazon) that he interpreted as a fishing system: zigzag barriers built in floodable savannas, some with a funnel-shaped opening connecting to small lagoons, which during floods would trap fish and direct them toward reservoirs.

    “Erickson (2000) encontró vestigios, visibles en las fotografías aéreas, de estructuras en tierra en Baures (Amazonía Boliviana) que interpretó como un sistema para pesca.”

    From La construcción del paisaje agrícola prehispánico en los andes colombianos: el caso de la sabana de bogotá (2019) · cites this paper as Erickson (2000)

  • Legacies of prehistoric influence in Amazonia are visible from aerial surveys and satellite imagery along the southern periphery of the basin, particularly in the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia, the geoglyph-rich region of Acre, Brazil and northern Bolivia, and the Upper Xingu in Brazil.

    “Legacies of prehistoric influence in Amazonia are visible from aerial surveys and satellite imagery along the southern periphery of the basin, particularly in the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia (e.g. [1,12-14]), the geoglyph-rich region of Acre, Brazil and northern Bolivia [3,15-18], and the Upper Xingu in Brazil [2,19] (figure 1).”

    From Predicting pre-columbian anthropogenic soils in amazonia (2014) · cites this paper as [12]

  • In the Llanos de Moxos region of Bolivia, instead of terra preta formation, large societies sustained themselves by using techniques such as fish weirs and raised-field agriculture.

    “The Llanos de Moxos regions of Bolivia is located in seasonally inundated forests at the forest-savannah transition, and instead of terra preta formation, large societies sustained themselves by using techniques such as fish weirs and raised-field agriculture (e.g. [12]).”

    From Predicting pre-columbian anthropogenic soils in amazonia (2014) · cites this paper as [12]

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Research works printed but not linked: 28

  1. Posey, D. & Balée, W. (eds) Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies (Advances in Economic Botany Vol. 7, New York Botanical Gardens, Bronx, 1989).
  2. Balée, W. (ed.) Advances in Historical Ecology (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1998).
  3. Stahl, P. W. Holocene biodiversity: An archaeological perspective from the Americas. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 25, 105–126 (1996). · DOI
  4. Denevan, W. M. The pristine myth: The landscape of the Americas in 1492. Ann. Ass. Am. Geog. 82, 369–385 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
  5. Piperno, D. & Pearsall, D. Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics (Academic, San Diego, 1998).
  6. Roosevelt, A. C. et al. Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Amazon: The peopling of the Americas. Science 272, 373– 384 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
  7. Denevan, W. M. The Aboriginal Cultural Geography of the Llanos de Mojos of Bolivia (Univ. California Press, Berkeley, 1966).
  8. Erickson, C. L. in Archaeology in the American Tropics: Current Analytical Methods and Applications (ed. Stahl, P.) 66–95 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1995). · DOI · Paper page
  9. Hanagarth, W. Acerca de la geoecología de las sabanas del Beni en el noreste de Bolivia 134 (Instituto de Ecología, La Paz, 1993).
  10. Eder, F. J. Breve Descripcion de las Reducciones de Mojos (Historia Boliviana, Cochabamba, 1985 [1772]).
  11. Jones, J. Conflict between Whites and Indians on the Llanos de Moxos, Beni Department Dissertation. Univ. Florida (1980).
  12. de Castillo, J. in Documentos para la Historia Geográfica de la República de Bolivia:Las Provincias de Mojos y Chiquitos (ed. Ballivián, M. V.) Vol. 1 308–317 (J. M. Gamarra, Pa Paz, 1906 [1676]).
  13. Riester, J. Los Guarasug’we: Crónica de sus últimos días (Editorial Los Amigos del Libro, La Paz, 1977).
  14. Ortiz Lema, E. Los Matacos Noctenes de Bolivia (Editorial los Amigos del Libro, La Paz, 1986).
  15. Beckerman, S. in Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present: Anthropological Perspectives (ed. Roosevelt, A.) 177–200 (Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 1994).
  16. Chernela, J. M. The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon: A Sense of Place (Univ. Texas Press, Austin, 1993).
  17. Nordenskiöld, E. The Ethnography of South America seen from Mojos in Bolivia Comparative Ethnographical Studies 3 86–102 (Goteborg, 1924).
  18. Erickson, C. L. in Vías Precolombinas: Los Caminos, Los Ingenieros Y Los Viajeros (eds Herrera, L. & Cardale de Schrimpff, M.) (Editorial Abya Yala y El Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, Bogotá, Colombia, in the press).
  19. Garson, A. Comment upon the economic potential of fish utilization in riverine environments and the potential archaeological biases. Am. Antiquity 45, 62–567 (1980). · DOI
  20. Dougherty, B. & Calandra, H. Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentino de Antropología Vol. 16, 37– 61 Ambiente y arqueología en el oriente boliviano: La Provincia de Iténez del Departmento Beni. (1984–5).
  21. Schmitz, P. I., Rogge, J., Rosa, A. & Beber, M. Aterros indígenas no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul (Pesquisas Antropologia no. 54, Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas, Rio Grande do Sul, 1998).
  22. Moholy-Nagy, H. The utilization of Pomacea snails at Tikal, Guatemala. Am. Antiquity 43, 65–73 ( 1978). · DOI
  23. Swing, C. K., Isley, W. & Lutz, M. W. Notas sobre la ecología reproductiva del caracol. Pomacea gigas. Ecología en Bolivia 10, 19–31 (1987).
  24. Clement, C. R. in Tropical Forests, People and Food (eds Hladik, C. M. et al.) 139–154 (The Parthenon, Paris, 1993).
  25. Beckerman, S. The abundance of protein in Amazonia: A reply to Gross. Am. Anthropol. 81, 533–561 ( 1989). · DOI
  26. Smith, N. J. H. The Amazon River Forest: A Natural History of Plants, Animals and People (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1999).
  27. Lee, K. Complejo Hidráulico de las llanuras de Baures (Area a ser protegida), Provincia Iténez, Departamento del Beni, República de Bolivia (unpublished report). (CORDEBENI, Trinidad, 1995).
  28. Erickson, C. L., Winkler, W. & Candler, K. Las investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de Baures en 1996 (unpublished report). (Instituto Nacional de Arqueología de Bolivia, La Paz, 1997).

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Metadata

Authors
Erickson, C. L.
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000-11
Volume
408
Issue
6809
Pages
190-193
ISSN
  • 0028-0836
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/35041555
Cited by
214
References
0
Language
en
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

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