The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The zootype and the phylotypic stage
Abstract
What is it that defines an animal? The definition provided here, made on the basis of developmental biology, suggests methods for resolving phylogenetic problems.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Structural and functional homologies between regulatory genes used among bilaterians indicate that, during embryogenesis, animals share a common set of genes for defining the head, trunk, and posterior regions (zootype; Slack et al., 1993).”
From Conservation of Hox/ParaHox-Related Genes in the Early Development of a Cnidarian (2001) · cites this paper as Slack et al., 1993
Citations
Cites
A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila
Lewis, E. B. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/276565a0 · Cited by 3,813
Positional information and the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation
Wolpert, L. (1969) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(69)80016-0 · Cited by 3,091
Homeobox genes and axial patterning
McGinnis, W., & Krumlauf, R. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90471-n · Cited by 2,674
Neural Crest and the Origin of Vertebrates: A New Head
Gans, C., & Northcutt, R. G. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.220.4594.268 · Cited by 1,053
Graham, A., Papalopulu, N., & Krumlauf, R. K. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90912-4 · Cited by 1,004
The structure and function of the homeodomain
Scott, M. P., Tamkun, J. W., & Hartzell, G. (1989) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/0304-419x(89)90033-4 · Cited by 995
Duboule, D., & Dollé, P. (1989) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03534.x · Cited by 928
Nested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain
Simeone, A., Acampora, D., Gulisano, M., Stornaiuolo, A., & Boncinelli, E. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/358687a0 · Cited by 809
Evolutionary Developmental Biology
(2021) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(21)x0002-6 · Cited by 687
Angell, J. R., & Baldwin, J. M. (1903) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2176746 · Cited by 641
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Lawrence, P. A. The Making of a Fly (Blackwell, Oxford, 1992).
- Scott, M. P., Tamkun, J. W. & Hartzell, G. W. Biochim. biophys. Acta 989, 25–48 (1989).
- Shashikant, C. S. et al. Crit. Rev. Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1, 207–245 (1991).
- Brusca, R. C. & Brusca, G. J. Invertebrates (Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 1990).
- Seidel, F. Zool. Anz. 164, 245–305 (1960).
- Hamilton, W. J. & Mossman, H. W. Human Embryology (Macmillan, London, 1976).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 691
Ontogeny and phylogeny of the yolk extension in embryonic Cypriniform fishes
Virta, V. C., & Cooper, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.21284 · Cited by 14
Atallah, J., Dworkin, I. M., Cheung, U. S., Greene, A., Ing, B., Leung, L., & Larsen, E. (2004) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2004.04017.x · Cited by 14
Potential contribution of intrinsic developmental stability toward body plan conservation
Uchida, Y., Shigenobu, S., Takeda, H., Furusawa, C., & Irie, N. (2022) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-022-01276-5 · Cited by 13
Extavour, C. G. M. (2007) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icm052 · Cited by 13
Biology and Physics of Heterochromatin-Like Domains/Complexes
Singh, P. B., Belyakin, S. N., & Laktionov, P. P. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9081881 · Cited by 15
Martínez‐Morales, J. R. (2015) · Briefings in Functional Genomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/elv032 · Cited by 15
Rasskin‐Gutman, D., & Esteve‐Altava, B. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32979-6_48 · Cited by 13
Gordon, K. L., Arthur, R. K., & Ruvinsky, I. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005268 · Cited by 13
Martynova, M. G. (2004) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(04)35005-9 · Cited by 13
Lilja, C., Blom, J., & MARKS, H. L. (2001) · Zoology · doi:10.1078/0944-2006-00016 · Cited by 13
Woodland, H. R., & Zorn, A. M. (2008) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20785 · Cited by 13
LANCELET DEVELOPMENT AS EVIDENCE OF ANCESTRAL CHORDATE STRUCTURE
Presley, R., Horder, T. J., & Slípka, J. (2013) · Israel Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1080/00212210.1996.10688875 · Cited by 13
Jacobs, D. K., Lee, S. E., Dawson, M. N., Staton, J. L., & Raskoff, K. A. (1998) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8948-3_17 · Cited by 12
What does the human embryo look like, and does it matter?
Richardson, M. K., & Reiss, M. J. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11481-2 · Cited by 13
The Early Evolution of Hox Genes: A Battle of Belief?
Schierwater, B., & Kamm, K. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_5 · Cited by 12
Liu, M., Findlay, W. A., Dettman, J. R., Wyka, S. A., Broders, K. D., Shoukouhi, P., Dadej, K., Kolařík, M., Basnyat, A., & Menzies, J. G. (2021) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins13110799 · Cited by 12
Biological Systematics in the Evo-Devo era
Minelli, A. (2015) · European Journal of Taxonomy · doi:10.5852/ejt.2015.125 · Cited by 12
Irvine, S. Q., & Martindale, M. Q. (2001) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0640:caohge]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 13
Body plans, phyla and arthropods
Valentine, J. W., & Hamilton, H. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4_1 · Cited by 12
Elinson, R. P., & Kezmoh, L. J. (2010) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.22337 · Cited by 12
Deciphering deuterostome phylogeny: molecular, morphological, and palaeontological perspectives
Smith, A. B., & Swalla, B. J. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0009 · Cited by 13
The evolution of nervous system centralization
Arendt, D., Denes, A. S., Jékely, G., & Tessmar‐Raible, K. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0007 · Cited by 12
Hübner, C. A. (2006) · Theory in Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.thbio.2005.11.004 · Cited by 12
Development of the central nervous system
Cabej, N. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85154-1.00003-5 · Cited by 12
A Simple Predictive Enhancer Syntax for Hindbrain Patterning Is Conserved in Vertebrate Genomes
Grice, J., Noyvert, B., Doglio, L. E., & Elgar, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130413 · Cited by 12
Peterson, K. J., Cotton, J. A., Gehlîng, J. G., & Pisani, D. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0002 · Cited by 12
Kobayashi, M., Furuya, H., & Wada, H. (2009) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2009.00364.x · Cited by 11
Evolving a Protofeather and Feather Diversity
Brush, A. H. (2000) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/40.4.631 · Cited by 11
A History of Ideas in Evolutionary Neuroscience
Striedter, G. F. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00096-3 · Cited by 11
Adachi, Y., Nagao, T., Saiga, H., & Furukubo-Tokunaga, K. (2001) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s004270100149 · Cited by 11
Hall, B. K. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057430-1.50006-8 · Cited by 11
Evolutionary fabrication: the co-evolution of form and formation
Pollack, J. B., & Rieffel, J. A. (2006) · Cited by 10
How Weird is The Worm? Evolution of the Developmental Gene Toolkit in Caenorhabditis elegans
Baker, E. A., & Woollard, A. C. S. (2019) · Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.3390/jdb7040019 · Cited by 10
Wada, H., Kobayashi, M., & Zhang, S. (2005) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.018 · Cited by 10
Fossil and Transcriptomic Perspectives on the Origins and Success of Metazoan Multicellularity
Valentine, J. W., & Marshall, C. R. (2015) · Advances in marine genomics · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_2 · Cited by 10
Embryology, Developmental Biology and the Genome
Hope, I. A. (2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12614-6 · Cited by 9
Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 13/2008
der Biologie, D. G. F. G. U. T. (2009) · Annals of the history and philosophy of biology · doi:10.17875/gup2009-701 · Cited by 10
HOM-C genes, Wnt signaling and axial patterning in the C. elegans posterior ventral epidermis
Li, X., Kulkarni, R., Hill, R. J., & Chamberlin, H. (2009) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.567 · Cited by 10
Metabolic activities are selective modulators for individual segmentation clock processes
Matsuda, M., Lázaro, J., & Ebisuya, M. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56120-5 · Cited by 10
Lee, D., & Chatterton, B. D. E. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e07-032 · Cited by 9
Crombach, A., & Jaeger, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71737-7_4 · Cited by 7
A Developmental Basis for the Cambrian Radiation
Freeman, G. (2007) · ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2108/zsj.24.113 · Cited by 9
Hox and paraHox genes from the anthozoan Parazoanthus parasiticus
Hill, A., Wagner, A., & Hill, M. S. (2003) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00062-9 · Cited by 9
Shigeno, S., Tsuchiya, K., & Segawa, S. (2001) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.2001.9652481 · Cited by 8
Hartmann, B., Müller, M., Hislop, N. R., Roth, B., Tomljenovic, L., Miller, D. J., & Reichert, H. (2010) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.12.038 · Cited by 8
Evolution of homology: From archetype towards a holistic concept of cell type
Rusin, L. Y. (2023) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.21569 · Cited by 8
Testing evolutionary hypotheses about the phylotypic period of zebrafish
Schmidt, K., & Starck, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.21404 · Cited by 8
Hox-cluster and evolution of morphogeneses
Korchagina, N. M., Бакаленко, Н. И., & Kulakova, M. A. (2010) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s106236041005005x · Cited by 8
Invertebrate Problematica: kinds, causes, and solutions
Jenner, R. A., Timothy, D. J., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0011 · Cited by 7
Identification of STKA-dependent genes in Dictyostelium discoideum
Loughran, G., Pintér, K., Newell, P. C., & Gross, J. D. (2000) · Differentiation · doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.2000.660202.x · Cited by 8
The freshwater planarian Dugesia (G.) tigrina contains a great diversity of homeobox genes
Saló, E., Muñoz-Mármol, A. M., Bayascas, J. R., García‐Fernàndez, J., Miralles, A., Casali, A., Corominas, M., & Baguñà, J. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0045-8_51 · Cited by 8
A perspective on psychedelic teratogenicity: the utility of zebrafish models
Syed, O. A., Tsang, B., Petranker, R., & Gerlai, R. T. (2023) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2023.08.001 · Cited by 7
Cephalopod Development and Evolution
von Boletzky, S. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4837-9_1 · Cited by 7
Pluripotency in the light of the developmental hourglass
Kuijk, E., Geijsen, N., & Cuppen, E. P. J. G. (2014) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12117 · Cited by 8
Protein evolution of ANTP and PRD homeobox genes
Fonseca, N. A., Vieira, C. P., Holland, P. W., & Vieira, J. (2008) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-200 · Cited by 7
Self-citationFormation of Embryonic Axes and Blastoderm Pattern in Drosophila
Klingler, M., & Tautz, D. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59828-9_19 · Cited by 7
Development of asymmetry in the caenogastropods Amphissa columbiana and Euspira lewisii
Bondar, C. A., & Page, L. R. (2003) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2003.tb00070.x · Cited by 7
Evolution of Development: The Shuffling of Ancient Modules by Ubiquitous Bureaucracies
Larsen, E. (1997) · Studies of nonlinear phenomena in life science · doi:10.1142/9789812819598_0017 · Cited by 7
Cohen, J. E. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/363307a0 · Cited by 7
Discovery and genetic definition of the Drosophila Antennapedia complex.
Denell, R. E. (1994) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/138.3.549 · Cited by 7
Innovation, Conservation and Repurposing of Gene Function in Plant Root Cell Type DevelopmentPreprint
Kajala, K., Gouran, M., Shaar‐Moshe, L., Mason, G. A., Rodríguez-Medina, J., Kawa, D., Pauluzzi, G. C., Reynoso, M. A., Cantó‐Pastor, A., Manzano, C., et al. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3733189 · Cited by 7
Single-cell phylotranscriptomics of developmental and cell type evolution
Ma, F., & Zheng, C. (2024) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2024.02.005 · Cited by 6
The Phylotypic Brain of Vertebrates, from Neural Tube Closure to Brain Diversification
Senovilla-Ganzo, R., & García‐Moreno, F. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000537748 · Cited by 6
Aquatic Model Organisms in Neurosciences: The Genome-Editing Revolution
Joly, J. (2017) · Research and perspectives in neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60192-2_2 · Cited by 6
Braig, F., Haug, C., & Haug, J. T. (2023) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/1305 · Cited by 6
Harry, N. D., & Zakas, C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.93062 · Cited by 9
On the Origin of Tentacles and Limbs in Deuterostomia
Malakhov, V. V., & Ezhova, O. V. (2023) · Russian Journal of Marine Biology · doi:10.1134/s1063074023080047 · Cited by 6
Phylogeny of the true water bugs(Hemiptera-Heteroptera:Nepomorpha) based on four Hox genes
Bu, W. (2012) · Entomotaxonomia · Cited by 6
(2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.001.0001 · Cited by 7
The earliest fossil record of the animals and its significance
Budd, G. E. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0001 · Cited by 6
Evo-devo: Relaxed constraints on Hox gene clustering during evolution
Galliot, B. (2004) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800624 · Cited by 6
The phylogenetic significance of maximum direct development in the ascidian,Molgula pacifica
Bates, W. R. (2002) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.2002.9652751 · Cited by 6
Gildor, T., & Smadar, B.-T. D.-L. (2018) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00339 · Cited by 5
Hox genes and annelid-arthropod relationships
Dick, M. H. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4_4 · Cited by 6
Nolte, C., Alexander, T. B., & Krumlauf, R. K. (2015) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000740.pub3 · Cited by 6
Molecular Innovations Shaping Beak Morphology in Birds
Cheng, Y., Miller, M. J., & Lei, F. (2024) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-074906 · Cited by 8
Crucial stages of embryogenesis of Rana arvalis: Part 3. Modularity or developmental integrity
Северцова, Е. А., & Северцов, А. С. (2013) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360413030053 · Cited by 5
Harry, N. D., & Zakas, C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.93062.3 · Cited by 5
Typology and Natural Kinds in Evo-Devo
Brigandt, I. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33038-9_100-1 · Cited by 5
A History of Ideas in Evolutionary Neuroscience
Striedter, G. F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820584-6.00001-5 · Cited by 5
Shootmeristemless ties the knot
Hake, S. (1996) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(96)80036-7 · Cited by 5
Molecular control of development in the reef coral, Acropora millepora
Ball, E. E., Hayward, D. C., Catmull, J., Reece-Hoyes, J. S., Hislop, N. R., Harrison, P. L., & Miller, D. J. (2002) · ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) · Cited by 5
Genesis versus epigenesis: the odd jobs of the Polycomb group of genes
Santamarı́a, P. (1998) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.9654032 · Cited by 5
Cell Lineages in Larval Development and Evolution of Echinoderms
Raff, R. A. (1999) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012730935-4/50009-2 · Cited by 5
Liu, J., & Robinson‐Rechavi, M. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/161711 · Cited by 6
The freshwater planarian Dugesia (G.) tigrina contains a great diversity of homeobox genes
Sal�, E., Muñoz-Mármol, A. M., Bayascas, J. R., García‐Fernàndez, J., Miralles, A., Casali, A., Corominas, M., & Bagu��, J. (1995) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/bf00036404 · Cited by 5
Menchero, S., Barrington, C., Critcher, C., Varsally, W., Alanis‐Lobato, G., Niakan, K. K., & Turner, J. M. A. (2025) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2025.06.037 · Cited by 4
A cellular basis for the hourglass pattern in vertebrate embryogenesis
Damatac, A. M., Ullrich, K. K., Klimovich, A. V., & Kaucká, M. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-69828-9 · Cited by 4
Origin of arthropods and of the clades of Ecdysozoa
Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. (2013) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360413050044 · Cited by 4
Cheng, Y., & Lei, F. (2023) · Integrative Zoology · doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12769 · Cited by 4
Kohsokabe, T., Kuratani, S., & Kaneko, K. (2024) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011867 · Cited by 4
Cell fate specification modes shape transcriptome evolution in the highly conserved spiral cleavage
Liang, Y., Wei, J., Kang, Y., Carrillo‐Baltodano, A. M., & Martín-Durán, J. M. (2025) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-025-00569-4 · Cited by 4
Morphometry as a Method of Studying Adaptive Regulation of Embryogenesis in Polluted Environments
Elena, A., Gutirrez, D. R. A., & Staroverov, A. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/36870 · Cited by 4
Auletta, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0023 · Cited by 4
In Search of the Ancestral Organization and Phylotypic Stage of Porifera
Ereskovsky, A. V. (2019) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360419060031 · Cited by 4
Crucial stages of embryogenesis of Rana arvalis: Part 2. Development of head structures
Северцова, Е. А., & Северцов, А. С. (2012) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360412030071 · Cited by 4
Von Baer, the intensification of uniqueness, and historical explanation
Rust, J. (2021) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-021-00473-9 · Cited by 4
Evolutionary analysis of genes involved in early embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila
Tautz, D. (1994) · Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7527-1_30 · Cited by 4
Mitgutsch, C., Richardson, M. K., Bakker, M., Jiménez, R., Martín, J., Kondrashov, P. E., & Sánchez-Villagra, M. R. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511760174.012 · Cited by 4
HISTORY, ONTOGENY, AND EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHETYPE
Shubin, N. H. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-318920-2.50013-5 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Slack, J. M. W., Holland, P. W. H., & Graham, C. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1993-02
- Volume
- 361
- Issue
- 6412
- Pages
- 490-492
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1990137409
- Cited by
- 699
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 260.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- phylotypic stage, animal development, phylogenetic systematics, homology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Genes, Homeobox, Morphogenesis, Phylogeny, Gene Expression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review