The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core
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“Although the event-based method, which was used in the original study on the subject (Song & Richards, 1996), is less precise than the doublet-based method, it provides much better temporal and spatial coverage.”
From Pattern of Inner‐Core Differential Rotation From Long‐Term Earthquake Sequences and USArray Network (2026) · cites this paper as Song & Richards, 1996
In the citing paper
“Seismic observations have provided critical evidence for IC differential rotation (Creager, 1997;Song & Richards, 1996;Vidale et al., 2000), and different models have been proposed.”
From Pattern of Inner‐Core Differential Rotation From Long‐Term Earthquake Sequences and USArray Network (2026) · cites this paper as Song & Richards, 1996
In the citing paper
“These estimates are now converging from early estimates of several times larger (e.g., Creager, 1997;Song & Richards, 1996).”
From Pattern of Inner‐Core Differential Rotation From Long‐Term Earthquake Sequences and USArray Network (2026) · cites this paper as Song & Richards, 1996
In the citing paper
“These observations confirmed the theoretical predictions of differential rotation of the inner core relative to the mantle, with varying rotation rates in the eastward (prograde) direction, settling to the range from 0.3 to 1.1 years per degree faster than the mantle.”
From On the Inner‐Core Differential‐Rotation (Un)Resolvability From Earthquake Doublets: The Traps of Data Selection (2024) · cites this paper as Song & Richards, 1996
Citations
Cites
Preliminary reference Earth model
Dziewoński, A. M., & Anderson, D. L. (1981) · Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors · doi:10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7 · Cited by 10,334
Lambeck, K. (1980) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511569579 · Cited by 1,226
A three-dimensional self-consistent computer simulation of a geomagnetic field reversal
Glatzmaiers, G. A., & Roberts, P. H. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377203a0 · Cited by 850
Glatzmaier, G. A., & Roberts, P. H. (1995) · Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors · doi:10.1016/0031-9201(95)03049-3 · Cited by 660
Anisotropy of the inner core inferred from PKIKP travel times
Morelli, A., Dziewoński, A. M., & Woodhouse, J. H. (1986) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/gl013i013p01545 · Cited by 415
Evidence for inner core anisotropy from free oscillations
Woodhouse, J. H., Giardini, D., & Li, X. D. (1986) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/gl013i013p01549 · Cited by 379
Douglas, A. (1967) · Nature · doi:10.1038/215047a0 · Cited by 377
Anisotropy of the inner core from differential travel times of the phases PKP and PKIKP
Creager, K. C. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356309a0 · Cited by 371
High-Pressure Elasticity of Iron and Anisotropy of Earth's Inner Core
Stixrude, L. P., & Cohen, R. E. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1972 · Cited by 275
High-Pressure Polymorph of Iron
Takahashi, T., & Bassett, W. A. (1964) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.145.3631.483 · Cited by 232
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Lehmann, I. Publ. Bur. Cent. Assoc. Int. Seismol. A14, 87–115 (1936).
- Braginsky, S. I. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 149, 8–10 (1963).
- Song, X. D. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).
- Tromp, J. GSA Today 5(7), 137–151 (1995).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–440 of 440
Regional Phases II - The Influence of Structure
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.005
(2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.020
(2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815679-7.00029-x
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.017
Propagation Effects at Near Distances
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.003
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.019
The Influence of Heterogeneity
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.015
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.016
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.002
The Nature of the Global Wavefield
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.009
Kennett, B. L. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780155.010
My journey to the center of the Earth: A tribute to Professor Donald V. Helmberger
Song, X. (2022) · 地震学报:英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.eqs.2022.01.007
Self-citationExtraterrestrial Impacts and Geomagnetic Reversals
Mohazzabi, P., Connolly, M. J., Jones, J. A., Skalbeck, J. D., & Potter, N. A. (2022) · Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics · doi:10.4236/jamp.2022.103065
The movement of the solid core in the cavity of a rotating non-spherical shell
Ломоносова, Г. М. И. М. В., Баркин, Ю. В., Баркин, М. Ю., & Баумана, М. И. Н. Э. (2015) · Engineering Journal Science and Innovation · doi:10.18698/2308-6033-2015-12-1451
Inner Core Rotational Dynamics
Rochester, M. G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_152
Differential Rotation of the Earth’s Inner Core
Song, X. (2019) · Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_43-1
Self-citationAmmon, C. J., Velasco, A. A., Lay, T., & Wallace, T. C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815679-7.00017-3
Stairs, R., Schmandt, B., Townsend, J., & Wang, R. (2023) · Seismological Research Letters · doi:10.1785/0220220283
ON THE STRESS WAVE IN THE EARTH'S BODY DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION OF THE MANTLE AND CORE
Николаевна, Ф. Л. (2023) · Problems of Strength and Plasticity · doi:10.32326/1814-9146-2022-85-2-267-274
Seismic Waves Penetrating the Earth’s Core: Analysis of Parameter Variations
Ovtchinnikov, V. M., & Usoltseva, O. A. (2023) · Russian Geology and Geophysics · doi:10.2113/rgg20234635
Pshenichnikova, E., & Shmakin, V. (2024) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43807-3_45
Preface to Focus Section on New Frontiers and Advances in Global Seismology
Anthony, R. E., Leroy, N., Mellors, R. J., Ringler, A. T., Saul, J., Vallée, M., & Wilson, D. C. (2024) · Seismological Research Letters · doi:10.1785/0220240092
Electricity in Space and on Earth
McCaig, C. D. (2025) · Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68827-0_2
Earth’s inner core is changing in shape as well as in rotation rate
(2025) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01647-x
Moon-Induced Differential Rotation in Earth’s Interior: A Comprehensive Conceptual Model
Kim, C.-Y., Seo, E., Chang, Y., & Lim, C. (2025) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences15060229
Novikov, V. V., Николаевна, Ф. Л., & Lyubimov, A. K. (2025) · Advanced structured materials · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75626-9_22
Revisiting Seismological Discoveries of the Inner Core
Ringler, A. T., Moulik, P., Lee, T. A., Wilson, D. C., & Anthony, R. E. (2025) · Seismological Research Letters · doi:10.1785/0220250069
О НАДЕЖНОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ ВРЕМЕННЫХ ТРЕНДОВ ВРЕМЕНИ ПРОБЕГА ВОЛН P ОТ ВЗРЫВОВ
Ovtchinnikov, V. M. (2025) · Dynamic Processes in Geospheres · doi:10.26006/29490995_2025_17_3_15
PKIKP Phase Back‐Projection and Its Application on Southern Hemisphere Earthquake Imaging
Xu, L., Meng, L., & Chu, R. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2025jb031667
Discussion on the Dynamic Mechanism of Global Tectonics
Wan, T. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11868-5_15
Decadal Stability of Multi‐Scale Core‐Mantle Boundary in Core‐Reflections of Repeating Earthquakes
Cui, T., Wang, W., Vidale, J. E., Zhang, H., Luo, H., & Ai, Y. (2026) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2025gl119930
Detection of the mushy region at the surface of the Earth’s inner core by an antipodal seismic wave
Tsuboi, S., & Butler, R. (2026) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119963
Бурлаков, В. (2026) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3114834
Waveform fingerprints of moving scatterers: application to temporal changes in Earth's inner core
Wang, R., Pang, G., & Vidale, J. E. (2026) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2026.120274
Temporal Changes in the Earth's Outer Core From Nuclear‐Test PKP Waves
Zhou, Y. (2026) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2026jb033798
Strategies for Multiscale Seismic Monitoring in Alaska
West, M. E., Gossett, D., Fozkos, A. M., Holland, A., John, S., Karasözen, E., McFarlin, H., Murphy, N., Nadin, E., & Noel, S. K. (2026) · Seismological Research Letters · doi:10.1785/0220260199
Evaluation of seismological evidence for decadal changes in Earth’s lowermost mantle and outer core
Yang, Y., Li, C., Ringler, A. T., Jiang, X., Wu, K., & Song, X. (2026) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03961-7
Self-citationEpisodic Change, Quiescence, and Recovery of Earth's Inner Core Surface
Zhang, X., & Wen, L. (2026) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2026jb034595
Geologic, Hydrologic, and Atmospheric Evolution of Earth
Zubay, G. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012781910-5/50006-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Song, X., & Richards, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1996-07
- Volume
- 382
- Issue
- 6588
- Pages
- 221-224
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1990488587
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 26.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Keywords
- Earth's inner core, differential rotation, seismic travel times, inner core anisotropy, seismic anisotropy
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