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Autoimmune disease: why and where it occurs
Abstract
Autoimmune disease is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Both of these affect susceptibility to autoimmunity at three levels: the overall reactivity of the immune system, the specific antigen and its presentation, and the target issue.
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“Consistently, evidence has indicated that interactions between immune cells and non-immune tissues play critical roles in chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases (3, 41, 49–51).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marrack, P., Kappler, J., & Kotzin, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- National Jewish Health (US)
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2001-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 899-905
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W1522588191
- Cited by
- 609
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-18785, AI 17134, AI 22295, P01AI022295)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 37070, R01AR037070)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- autoimmune disease, genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, immunoreactivity, antigen presentation, autoantigens, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Antigens, Autoimmune Diseases, Chromosome Mapping, Cross Reactions, Humans, Models, Biological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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