Role of BNIP3 and NIX in cell death, autophagy, and mitophagy
Open accessAbstract
BNIP3 and NIX are proteins related to the BH3-only family, which induce both cell death and autophagy. Consistent with their ability to induce cell death, BNIP3 and NIX are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and heart disease. In tumor cells, BNIP3 and NIX are regulated by hypoxia, and the deregulation of BNIP3 or NIX expression is associated with tumor growth. In heart muscle, BNIP3 and NIX are regulated by hypoxia and Galphaq-dependent signaling, respectively, and their expression is associated with decreased myocardial function. Apart from their role in cell death, BNIP3 and NIX are also implicated in the induction of autophagy. In erythroid cells, NIX is required for a specialized type of autophagy that targets mitochondria for elimination (mitophagy). Similarly, BNIP3 regulates mitophagy in response to hypoxia. In this review, we will discuss possible mechanisms by which BNIP3 and NIX induce cell death and mitophagy. We will also consider the potential relationship between cell death pathways and autophagy in development and homeostasis.
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Mitophagy can also occur through Parkin-independent pathways.
“Mitophagy can also occur through Parkin-independent pathways.”
From Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
All glial types upregulated core glycolysis driver GAPDH and mitophagy-regulating BNIP3L in response to NFT burden and in individuals with cognitive impairment.
“All glial types upregulated core glycolysis driver GAPDH and mitophagy-regulating BNIP3L in response to NFT burden and in individuals with cognitive impairment59 (Fig. 4m).”
From Single-cell multiregion dissection of Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Zhang, J., & Ney, P. A.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ney, P A
- Venue
- Cell Death & Differentiation
- Published
- 2009-02-20
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 939-946
- ISSN
- 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5403
- PMC
- PMC2768230
- OpenAlex
- W1999532278
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 4.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK074519)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- BNIP3, Nix, BH3-only proteins, cell death, autophagy, mitophagy, hypoxia, Gαq signaling, myocardial function, erythroid cells, tumor growth, cancer, heart disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Heart Diseases, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Mitochondria, Neoplasms, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Death, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Mitochondrial Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Mice, Rats
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