The great rewiring: is social media really behind an epidemic of teenage mental illness?
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is no definitive evidence that SM, including TikTok, is rewiring children's brains or driving a widespread epidemic of mental health disorders.
“However, as Odgers [112] rightly notes, there is no definitive evidence that SM, including TikTok, is “rewiring children’s brains” or driving a widespread epidemic of mental health disorders.”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [112]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13190 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence.
Valkenburg, P. M., Meier, A., & Beyens, I. (2022) · Current opinion in psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.017 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Teenagers, screens and social media: a narrative review of reviews and key studies
Orben, A. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01825-4 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Heffer, T., Good, M., Daly, O., MacDonell, E., & Willoughby, T. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618812727 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States
Martínez‐Alés, G., Jiang, T., Keyes, K. M., & Gradus, J. L. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-051920-123206 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Hancock, J., Liu, S. X., Luo, M., & Mieczkowski, H. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4053961 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Evaluating the Effects of the Great Recession
Danziger, S. H. (2013) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716213500454 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Estimating the association between Facebook adoption and well-being in 72 countries
Vuorre, M., & Przybylski, A. K. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.221451 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Miller, J. W., Mills, K. L., Vuorre, M., Orben, A. C., & Przybylski, A. K. (2023) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.09.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Vuorre, M. & Przybylski, A. K. R. Sci. Open Sci. 10, 221451 (2023).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The youth mental health crisis: analysis and solutions
McGorry, P. D., Gunasiri, H., Mei, C., Rice, S., & Gao, C. X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1517533 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
A call to action: the second Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing
Baird, S., Choonara, S., Azzopardi, P. S., Banati, P., Bessant, J., Biermann, O., Capon, A. G., Claeson, M., Collins, P. Y., Wet, N. D., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00503-3 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Conte, G., Iorio, G. D., Esposito, D., Romano, S., Panvino, F., Maggi, S., Altomonte, B., Casini, M. P., Ferrara, M., & Terrinoni, A. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02581-w · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Web-browsing patterns reflect and shape mood and mental health
Kelly, C., & Sharot, T. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02065-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Can’t stop scrolling! Adolescents’ patterns of TikTok use and digital well-being self-perception
Virós-Martín, C., Blasco, M. M., & Morales, M. J. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03984-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Blanchflower, D. G., Bryson, A., & Xu, X. (2024) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w32337 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fixing the science of digital technology harms
Orben, A. C., & Matias, J. N. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adt6807 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Regehr, K., Shaughnessy, C., Zhao, M., Cambazoglu, I., Turner, A., & Shaughnessy, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1523649 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ten Myths About the Effect of Social Media Use on Well-Being
Hall, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59585 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Social Media and Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Personality Traits
Alphenaar, L. E. V., Shiner, R. L., Arana, C. C., & Prinzie, P. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00898-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Old Strategies, New Environments: Reinforcement Learning on Social Media
Turner, G., Ferguson, A. M., Katiyar, T., Palminteri, S., & Orben, A. C. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.12.012 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Todorovic, L., Bozhar, H., de Rooij, S. R., Bogaerts, A., Boyer, B. E., & Larsen, H. (2025) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.70076 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mäder, S., Costantini, D., Fahr, A., & Jordan, M. D. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117595 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Digital visions: the experience of self and others in the age of the digital revolution
D, V. G. M. (2024) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2024.2355281 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Further Evidence on the Global Decline in the Mental Health of the Young
Blanchflower, D. G., Bryson, A., Lepinteur, A., & Piper, A. (2024) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w32500 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Sociology of Mental Health and the Twenty-First-Century Mental Health Crisis
Schnittker, J. (2024) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/21568693241303685 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Twenge, J. M. (2025) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70058 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Riva, G., Wiederhold, B. K., & Mantovani, F. (2024) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0334 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smartphones, social media, and teenage mental health
Hartwell, G., Gill, M., Zenone, M. A., & McKee, M. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-079828 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Young and invisible in a time of polycrisis: reframing the problem and finding solutions
Bessant, J., & Watts, R. (2025) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2025.2468478 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Effect of Deactivating Facebook and Instagram on Users’ Emotional State
Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. A., Wittenbrink, B., Cisneros, J. C., Crespo-Tenorio, A., Dimmery, D., Freelon, D., González‐Bailón, S., Guess, A. M., Kim, Y. M., et al. (2025) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w33697 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
In Defense of ‘Surveillance Capitalism’
Königs, P. (2024) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00804-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Archer, C. J. (2025) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2024.2438688 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Experience machines for well-being? Understanding how social media entertainment matters for teens
Lüders, M. H. (2024) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/01634437241276122 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mental wellbeing effects of disclosing life events on social media
Saha, K., Yoo, D. W., Swain, V. D., & Choudhury, M. D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-07295-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hinshaw, S. P., Porter, P. A., & Ahmad, S. I. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000981 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Albacete-Maza, J., Combalia, X. C., & Montañola‐Sales, C. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05557-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Child Online Safety Legislation (COSL) - A Primer
Marwick, A. E., Smith, J., Caplan, R., & Wadhawan, M. (2024) · doi:10.21428/bfcb0bff.de78f444 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Moratorium on Implantable Non-Medical Neurotech Until Effects on the Mind are Properly Understood
Bublitz, C., Chandler, J. A., Molnár-Gábor, F., Navarro, M. S., Kellmeyer, P., & Soekadar, S. R. (2025) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-025-09612-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dunning, E. E., Khan, A. N., Becker‐Haimes, E. M., & Guzick, A. G. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01317-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hilbert, M., Cingel, D. P., Zhang, J., Vigil, S. L., Shawcroft, J. E., Xue, H., Thakur, A., & Shafiq, Z. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4674573 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The mental health of the young in Asia and the Middle East: the importance of self-reports
Blanchflower, D. G., & Bryson, A. (2025) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-025-02264-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Methodological considerations for social media intervention studies
Abeele, M. V., Murphy, S. L., Lemahieu, L., & Koster, E. H. W. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00474-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Old strategies, new environments: Reinforcement Learning on social mediaPreprint
Turner, G., Ferguson, A. M., Katiyar, T., Palminteri, S., & Orben, A. C. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/f5cjv · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hilbert, M., Cingel, D. P., Zhang, J., Vigil, S. L., Shawcroft, J. E., Xue, H., Thakur, A., & Shafiq, Z. (2025) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2025.102341 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
We need transparency standards for social media research that involves companies
Turner, G., Anderson, I. A., & Fassi, L. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2501819122 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Firth, J., Linardon, J., Sawyer, C. S., French, C., Stubbs, B., Firth, J. A., Solmi, M., Torous, J. B., Berhe, K., Hallal, P. C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2026-0550 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
OASIS: Open Agent Social Interaction Simulations with One Million Agents
Yang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z., Jiang, Y., Gan, Z., Wang, Z., Ling, Z., Chen, J., Ma, M., Dong, B., et al. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.11581 · Cited by 3
The importance of the null hypothesis in the formulation of theory in media psychology
Grimes, T., & Lasser, J. S. (2024) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101142 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
What is the evidence for school smartphone bans?
Stokel-Walker, C., & journalist, F. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.r1729 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Third, A. (2025) · Studies in childhood and youth · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97267-6_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cover, R., Humphries, J., Richardson, I., & Harris, A. (2025) · Continuum · doi:10.1080/10304312.2025.2598632 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Addressing social media platforms’ influence on academic research
Heiss, R., & Freiling, I. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06690-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ferguson, C. J. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09205-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Media use is Associated with, but is not a Major Cause of Mental Disorder among Adolescents
Elhai, J. D., Demetrovics, Z., Casale, S., & Montag, C. (2026) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-026-00769-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Social media needs science-based guidelines
(2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00327-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Katz, V. S. (2025) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2024.2439667 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gli ibernati. Dal narcisismo dell'Io al narcisismo del You
Scognamiglio, R. M. (2025) · PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE · doi:10.3280/pu2025-003002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Educational Impacts of School Phone Bans: Evidence from Brazil
Lichand, G., Moreno-Louzada, L., da Costa, T., & Gentzkow, M. (2026) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6824971 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Content Is King but Ignored in the Debate on Screentime and Adolescent Health
Allem, J.-P. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.10.010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social media harm abatement: Mechanisms for transparent public health assessment
Lubin, N., Liu, Y., Yarnell, A., Austin, S. B., Ward, Z. J., Iyer, R., Stray, J., Lawrence, M. B., Cooper, A., & Chapman, P. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15345 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Taking the Long View on Digital Culture and Mental Health: Principles From Critical Realism.
Paquin, V. (2025) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323251389814 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental health and meaning in modern life among young adults in Norway
Mandelkow, L., & Hillesund, O. K. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00317-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Baskin-sommers, A. R., Gearing, D., Ramduny, J., Zhang, Z., Townsend, N., Dupree, C., Fink, C., Horenkamp, L., Karcher, N. R., Patel, H., et al. (2026) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101686 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nennstiel, R., & Ullrich, R. (2026) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-026-00284-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Is zero effect really evidence of no effect? Introducing an outcomes balance perspective
Jarman, H. K., McLean, S. A., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2026) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2026.102075 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Digital child safety at the frontier: From evidence to action
Cortesi, S., & Gasser, U. (2026) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aec7804 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Malkin, A., Rzeszutek, M. J., Moscovitz, A. M., Axenova, K., Walker, E., Randhawa, A., & Gunnarsson, K. F. (2026) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.70062 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exposing the Gender Identity Industry: Anti-Gender and the Paranoid Critique of Trans Medicine
Wuest, J. (2026) · Signs · doi:10.1086/740087 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Generation Z, Social Media, AI, and Mental (Ill)Health and Education
Krumsvik, R. J. (2024) · Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy · doi:10.18261/njdl.19.2.5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fakulta sociálních studií Masarykovy univerzity, B., Lebedíková, M. Š., Mýlek, V., Šmahel, D., & Tkaczyk, M. (2024) · E-psychologie · doi:10.29364/epsy.498 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Further Evidence on the Global Decline in the Mental Health of the YoungPreprint
Blanchflower, D. G., Bryson, A., Lepinteur, A., & Piper, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4843059 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The anxious generation in France: How the pandemic confirmed and amplified youth vulnerabilities
Boyer, L., Llorca, P., Yon, D. K., Tran, B. X., Pauly, V., Boussat, B., & Fond, G. B. (2025) · Journal of Epidemiology and Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.jeph.2025.202967 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sigaud, L., Rausch, Z. M., McClean, A., & Haidt, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5196540 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beck, T. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70581-6_257-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Karcher, M. J., & Zaff, J. F. (2025) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276251339462
Social media warning labels and school cell phone bans: Do they unlock better youth mental health?
Deneault, A., Madigan, S. L., & Vaillancourt, T. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aam.3m53my4y3
Stricter monitoring of tween and teen internet use may not always be better
Charmaraman, L., Hernandez, J. M., & Ben-Joseph, E. P. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aai.yfqkjms99
The Mental Health of the Young in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Blanchflower, D. G., & Bryson, A. (2025) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.70104
Exploring teacher perspectives on contemporary complexities in K-12 ICT integration
Carpenter, J., & Biadeni, B. S. (2026) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2026.2616536
van Rooij, A. J., van der Rijst, V. G., Date, M., Tuijnman, A., Oostenbach, K. P. J., Carras, M. C., & Thrul, J. (2026) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.250969 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dunne, J. H., Davies, J., Black, L., Anderton, M., Nanda, P., Butters, L. C., Banwell, E., Davidson, B. I., Murtagh, L., & Panayiotou, M. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101037
Sigaud, L., Rausch, Z. M., McClean, A., & Haidt, J. (2026) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026261425910
Introduction: The Stories of Big Tech
Bandy, J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19438-1_1
Case Report: When pain is shown and silenced. adolescents looking for a voice
Tortorelli, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2026.1829312
Regrets, I’ve Had a Few; But Then Again, Time on Social Media May Not Be One of Them
Whelan, E. (2026) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1177/21522715261449334
Stiles‐Shields, C., Gustafson, E. L., Shenberger, E., Quezada, N., Bobadilla, G., Smith, D. N., & Emezue, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Developmental Psychology · doi:10.3389/fdpys.2026.1740373
Digitale Medien zwischen Risiko und Ressource
Peinemann, K., & Peinemann, M. (2026) · merz | medien + erziehung · doi:10.21240/merz/2026.3.31
A Call to Action: Addressing the Mental Health Crisis in Schools
Williams, C. L., Oerther, S. E., & Schaller, E. (2026) · NASN School Nurse · doi:10.1177/1942602x261461504
Tang, Y., Guo, J.-S., & Hu, X. (2026) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-026-01070-y
Wolf, J., Reinhard, M. A., Bodenbender, A., Boger, S., Kunz, J. I., Goerigk, S. A., Jobst, A., Padberg, F., & Grosse-Wentrup, F. (2026) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20260004
Beyond apps: a method to model full distributions of screen content over time to study media effects
Chi, Y., Cho, M.-J., Molaib, K. M., Sun, X., Robinson, T. N., Ram, N., & Reeves, B. B. (2026) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2026.2697199
Halsall, T., Holmgren, A., Arseneau, Z., Jan, M., Khanna, N., Obeid, N., Þórisdóttir, I. E., Zenone, M., Cheng, M., & Bellefeuille, A. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-02589-4
Park, S. (2026) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103528
Ätiologie und Pathogenese psychischer Störungen
Hengartner, M. P. (2026) · Angewandte Psychologie Kompakt · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-72845-1_4
Radenović, D., & Dragović, N. (2026) · Temida · doi:10.2298/tem2602261d
Lee, J. H. (2026) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-026-01378-9
The implications of implications
Brown, B. A. T. (2026) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3821402.3830164
Dempsey, S., Hansen, L. H., Fox, C. A., Owens, M., Gelskov, S. A. V., & Mohan, G. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101316
Families in the Age of Online Gaming
Ren, X. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4654-8.ch005
Two Practices That Understate the Mental Health Risks Associated With Adolescent Social-Media Use
Haidt, J., & Rausch, Z. M. (2026) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916261482033
Bandvi, A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7638318
The Effect of Deactivating Facebook and Instagram on Users’ Emotional State
Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. A., Wittenbrink, B., Mason, W., Wilkins, A. S., Stroud, N. J., Tucker, J. A., & Collective, U. 2. F. &. I. E. S. (2026) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20240806
- Authors
- Odgers, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Odgers, Candice L.
- ORCID
- Odgers, Candice L.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2024-03-29
- Volume
- 628
- Issue
- 8006
- Pages
- 29-30
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4393310025
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 28
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social media, screen time, adolescent mental health, anxiety, causal attribution
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Humans, Epidemics, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review