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Association between healthy maternal dietary pattern and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus
Abstract
Background/objectives Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with negative health effects for mother and child. The aim was to investigate the association between maternal dietary patterns and GDM. Subjects/methods Prospective observational study including 168 pregnant women aged 18-40 years, recruited at routine 20-week ultrasound. All participants kept a 4-day weighed food record following recruitment (commencement: gestational weeks 19-24). Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns from 29 food groups. A Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was constructed. All women underwent an oral glucose tolerance test in weeks 23-28. Results One clear dietary pattern (Eigenvalue 2.4) was extracted with positive factor loadings for seafood; eggs; vegetables; fruits and berries; vegetable oils; nuts and seeds; pasta; breakfast cereals; and coffee, tea and cocoa powder, and negative factor loadings for soft drinks and French fries. This pattern was labeled a prudent dietary pattern. Explained variance was 8.2%. The prevalence of GDM was 2.3% among women of normal weight before pregnancy (n=86) and 18.3% among overweight/obese women (n=82). The prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of GDM (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.98). When adjusting for age, parity, prepregnancy weight, energy intake, weekly weight gain and total metabolic equivalent of task the association remained (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.94). Similar results were found when only including overweight or obese women (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.75). Conclusions Adhering to a prudent dietary pattern in pregnancy was clearly associated with lower risk of GDM, especially among women already at higher risk because of overweight/obesity before pregnancy.
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“In patient with a prudent dietary pattern and correct BMI, GDM appeared in 2.3% cases and among 18.3% of overweight/obese patients [171].”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [171]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tryggvadottir, E. A., Medek, H., Birgisdottir, B. E., Geirsson, R. T., & Gunnarsdottir, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Iceland (IS)
- ORCID
- Geirsson, R T
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2015-09-09
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 237-242
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W1434588288
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 11.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
- Landspítali Háskólasjúkrahús
- Háskóli Íslands
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal dietary patterns, prudent diet, Healthy Eating Index, pregnancy, maternal obesity, overweight, dietary adherence, oral glucose tolerance test
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Energy Intake, Diet, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Obesity, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Weight Gain, Diet Records, Prevalence, Diabetes, Gestational, Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Overweight, Young Adult
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