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IFNβ-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage

Open access
Cheon, HyeonJoo, Holvey-Bates, Elise G, Schoggins, John W, Forster, Samuel, Hertzog, Paul, Imanaka, Naoko, Rice, Charles M, Jackson, Mark W, Junk, Damian J, Stark, George R·2013·The EMBO Journal

Abstract

A single high dose of interferon-β (IFNβ) activates powerful cellular responses, in which many anti-viral, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative proteins are highly expressed. Since some of these proteins are deleterious, cells downregulate this initial response rapidly. However, the expression of many anti-viral proteins that do no harm is sustained, prolonging a substantial part of the initial anti-viral response for days and also providing resistance to DNA damage. While the transcription factor ISGF3 (IRF9 and tyrosine-phosphorylated STATs 1 and 2) drives the first rapid response phase, the related factor un-phosphorylated ISGF3 (U-ISGF3), formed by IFNβ-induced high levels of IRF9 and STATs 1 and 2 without tyrosine phosphorylation, drives the second prolonged response. The U-ISGF3-induced anti-viral genes that show prolonged expression are driven by distinct IFN stimulated response elements (ISREs). Continuous exposure of cells to a low level of IFNβ, often seen in cancers, leads to steady-state increased expression of only the U-ISGF3-dependent proteins, with no sustained increase in other IFNβ-induced proteins, and to constitutive resistance to DNA damage.

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Metadata

Authors
Cheon, H., Holvey-Bates, E. G., Schoggins, J. W., Forster, S., Hertzog, P., Imanaka, N., Rice, C. M., Jackson, M. W., Junk, D. J., & Stark, G. R.
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Published
2013-09-24
Volume
32
Issue
20
Pages
2751-2763
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
OpenAlex
W2113174452
Cited by
334
References
4
FWCI
7.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: IFNβ-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/emboj.2013.203
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Cheon, H., Holvey-Bates, E. G., Schoggins, J. W., Forster, S., Hertzog, P., Imanaka, N., Rice, C. M., Jackson, M. W., Junk, D. J., & Stark, G. R. (2013). IFNβ-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage. The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2013.203

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