The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Parabens in urine, serum and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
Abstract
Parabens are used as anti-microbial preservatives in a range of consumer products, especially in cosmetics. In vitro and animal studies have shown weak estrogenic and other endocrine disrupting effects of parabens, including reduced testosterone levels in exposed male rats. The knowledge of paraben exposure, distribution and excretion in humans is limited. In this study we determined the concentration of five parabens; methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl- and benzylparaben in urine, serum and seminal plasma samples from 60 healthy Danish men. To conduct the study a sensitive and specific method using LC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of the five parabens was developed for all three different matrices. Highest concentrations of the parabens were found in urine, wherein methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl- and n-butyl parabens were measurable in 98%, 80%, 98% and 83% of the men, respectively. Benzyl paraben was only measurable in urine from 7% of the men. Methyl- and n-propyl parabens were also measurable in the majority of serum and seminal plasma samples, whereas the other parabens could only be detected in some of the samples. In all the three matrices significant correlations between the parabens were seen. Furthermore, urinary paraben concentrations correlate to the paraben concentrations in both serum and seminal plasma.
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“parabens are ubiquitous, with low levels being detected in rivers, drinking water sources, soil, house dust, human tissues, and bodily fluids910”
From Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Cosmetics in Koreans Visiting Dermatology Clinics (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
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Cites
Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens)
Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.020 · Cited by 1,012
Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours
Darbre, P. D., Aljarrah, A., Miller, W. R., Coldham, N. G., Sauer, M. J., & Pope, G. S. (2004) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.958 · Cited by 805
(2008) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10915810802548359 · Cited by 472
Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system
Oishi, S. (2002) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00204-1 · Cited by 422
Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells
Byford, J. R., Shaw, L. E., Drew, M. G. B., Pope, G. S., Sauer, M. J., & Darbre, P. D. (2002) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(01)00174-1 · Cited by 364
Quantitative Detection of Eight Phthalate Metabolites in Human Urine Using HPLC−APCI-MS/MS
Blount, B. C., Milgram, K. E., Silva, M. J., Malek, N. A., Reidy, J. A., Needham, L. L., & Brock, J. W. (2000) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac000422r · Cited by 363
Jørgensen, N. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.8.2199 · Cited by 318
Self-citationParabens as Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure in Humans
Ye, X., Bishop, A. M., Reidy, J. A., Needham, L. L., & Calafat, A. M. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9413 · Cited by 311
Janjua, N. R., Mortensen, G. K., Andersson, A.-M., Kongshoj, B., Niels E. Skakkebæk, A., & Wulf, H. C. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0628755 · Cited by 302
Self-citationOkubo, T., Yokoyama, Y., Kano, K., & Kano, I. (2001) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00073-4 · Cited by 287
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Parabens. From environmental studies to human health
Błędzka, D., Gromadzińska, J., & Wąsowicz, W. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.007 · Cited by 708
Parabens and their effects on the endocrine system
Nowak, K., Ratajczak–Wrona, W., Górska, M., & Jabłońska, E. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.014 · Cited by 472
A global assessment of phthalates burden and related links to health effects
Katsikantami, I., Sifakis, S., Tzatzarakis, M. N., Vakonaki, E., Kalantzi, O., Tsatsakis, A. M., & Rizos, A. K. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.013 · Cited by 471
Parabens as chemicals of emerging concern in the environment and humans: a review
Wei, F., Mortimer, M., Cheng, H., Sang, N., & Guo, L.-H. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146150 · Cited by 321
Jørgensen, N., Joensen, U. N., Jensen, T. K., Jensen, M. B., Almstrup, K., Olesen, I. A., Juul, A., Andersson, A., Carlsen, E., Petersen, J. H., et al. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000990 · Cited by 291
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frederiksen, H., Jørgensen, N., & Andersson, A.-M.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Frederiksen, Hanne
- Venue
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
- Published
- 2010-03-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 262-271
- ISSN
- 1559-0631 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-064X
- OpenAlex
- W2022438662
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 7.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Velux Fonden
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- parabens, methylparaben, ethylparaben, benzylparaben, human exposure, urinary biomonitoring, serum, seminal plasma, endocrine disruptors, cosmetics, preservatives, healthy men
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Hydrolysis, Male, Parabens, Quality Control, Reference Standards, Reference Values, Semen, Reproducibility of Results, Solid Phase Extraction, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Young Adult, Limit of Detection
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