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Selective Antimicrobial Action Is Provided by Phenol-Soluble Modulins Derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis, a Normal Resident of the Skin
Open accessAbstract
Antimicrobial peptides serve as a first line of innate immune defense against invading organisms such as bacteria and viruses. In this study, we hypothesized that peptides produced by a normal microbial resident of human skin, Staphylococcus epidermidis, might also act as an antimicrobial shield and contribute to normal defense at the epidermal interface. We show by circular dichroism and tryptophan spectroscopy that phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) gamma and delta produced by S. epidermidis have an alpha-helical character and a strong lipid membrane interaction similar to mammalian AMPs such as LL-37. Both PSMs directly induced lipid vesicle leakage and exerted selective antimicrobial action against skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. PSMs functionally cooperated with each other and LL-37 to enhance antimicrobial action. Moreover, PSMs reduced Group A Streptococcus (GAS) but not the survival of S. epidermidis on mouse skin. Thus, these data suggest that the production of PSMgamma and PSMdelta by S. epidermidis can benefit cutaneous immune defense by selectively inhibiting the survival of skin pathogens while maintaining the normal skin microbiome.
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“Commensal organisms such as strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis found in the skin secrete compounds that are themselves antibacterial, such as phenol-soluble modulins,4,5 and also interact with the host to induce AMP expression6 or reduce inflammation.6”
From The Innate Immune System in Acute and Chronic Wounds (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cogen, A. L., Yamasaki, K., Sanchez, K. M., Dorschner, R. A., Lai, Y., MacLeod, D. T., Torpey, J. W., Otto, M., Nizet, V., Kim, J. E., & Gallo, R. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gallo, Richard L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 192-200
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2796468
- OpenAlex
- W2127706077
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 13.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R56AI083358, R01AI083358)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR052728, R21AR067547)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Keywords
- phenol-soluble modulins, Staphylococcus epidermidis, antimicrobial peptides, skin microbiome, innate immunity, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, LL-37, alpha-helical structure, membrane lipid interactions, vesicle leakage, skin pathogens
- MeSH terms
- Epidermal Cells, Animals, Bacterial Toxins, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cells, Cultured, Circular Dichroism, Epidermis, Humans, Lipid Bilayers, Membranes, Artificial, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Staphylococcal Skin Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcal Infections, Streptococcus pyogenes, Symbiosis, Keratinocytes, Protein Structure, Secondary, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Mice
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