ADH1B is associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption in populations of European and African ancestry
Open accessAbstract
A coding variant in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) (rs1229984) that leads to the replacement of Arg48 with His48 is common in Asian populations and reduces their risk for alcoholism, but because of very low allele frequencies the effects in European or African populations have been difficult to detect. We genotyped and analyzed this variant in three large European and African-American case-control studies in which alcohol dependence was defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and demonstrated a strong protective effect of the His48 variant (odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24, 0.48) on alcohol dependence, with genome-wide significance (6.6 × 10(-10)). The hypothesized mechanism of action involves an increased aversive reaction to alcohol; in keeping with this hypothesis, the same allele is strongly associated with a lower maximum number of drinks in a 24-hour period (lifetime), with P=3 × 10(-13). We also tested the effects of this allele on the development of alcoholism in adolescents and young adults, and demonstrated a significantly protective effect. This variant has the strongest effect on risk for alcohol dependence compared with any other tested variant in European populations.
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The His48 allele of rs1229984 in ADH1B accelerates ethanol metabolism and affords approximately a 3-fold reduction in likelihood of alcohol dependence.
“with the His48 allele accelerating ethanol metabolism and affording approximately 3-fold reduction in likelihood of AD across numerous studies8,10.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
Variants in the genes responsible for alcohol metabolism, especially ADH1B and ALDH2, have been strongly implicated in alcohol dependence.
“Variants in the genes responsible for alcohol metabolism, especially ADH1B and ALDH2, have been strongly implicated8–13.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
The top association in ADH1B, rs1229984, is a missense variant that is among the most widely studied in relation to alcohol use, misuse and dependence.
“The top association in ADH1B, rs1229984, is a missense variant that is amongst the most widely studied in relation to alcohol use, misuse and dependence8–10.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
Recent large-scale studies have shown an association between the ADH1B locus and alcohol consumption and problems at genome-wide significance levels in EU with similar effect size.
“nevertheless, recent large-scale studies have shown an association between this locus and alcohol consumption and problems at GWS levels in EU with similar effect size8–10.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
Gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use has been difficult.
“They are heritable2,3 and etiologically related4,5 behaviors that have been resistant to gene discovery efforts6–11.”
From Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Bierut, L. J., Goate, A. M., Breslau, N., Johnson, E. O., Bertelsen, S., Fox, L., Agrawal, A., Bucholz, K. K., Grucza, R., Hesselbrock, V, Kramer, J., Kuperman, S., Nurnberger, J., Porjesz, B., Saccone, N. L., Schuckit, M., Tischfield, J., Wang, J. C., Foroud, T., Rice, J. P., & Edenberg, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- RTI International (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bierut, L J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2011-10-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 445-450
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC3252425
- OpenAlex
- W2137516476
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U10AA008401)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA019963, R01DA013423, K02DA021237, DA019963, DA013423)
- National Cancer Institute (CA089392, P01CA089392)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- ADH1B, rs1229984, alcoholism, alcohol consumption, alcoholism risk, protective genetic effect, European ancestry, African ancestry, African Americans
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Alleles, Black or African American, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Black People, White People
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