Cited by 272Virus-based gene therapy researchCRISPR and Genetic EngineeringRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

Physiological Promoters Reduce the Genotoxic Risk of Integrating Gene Vectors

Open access
Zychlinski, Daniela, Schambach, Axel, Modlich, Ute, Maetzig, Tobias, Meyer, Johann, Grassman, Elke, Mishra, Anjali, Baum, Christopher·2008·Molecular Therapy

Abstract

The possible activation of cellular proto-oncogenes as a result of clonal transformation is a potential limitation in a therapeutic approach involving random integration of gene vectors. Given that enhancer promiscuity represents an important mechanism of insertional transformation, we assessed the enhancer activities of various cellular and retroviral promoters in transient transfection assays, and also in a novel experimental system designed to measure the activation of a minigene cassette contained in stably integrating retroviral vectors. Retroviral enhancer-promoters showed a significantly greater potential to activate neighboring promoters than did cellular promoters derived from human genes, elongation factor-1alpha (EF1alpha) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). Self-inactivating (SIN) vector design reduced but did not abolish enhancer interactions. Using a recently established cell culture assay that detects insertional transformation by serial replating of primary hematopoietic cells, we found that SIN vectors containing the EF1alpha promoter greatly decrease the risk of insertional transformation. Despite integration of multiple copies per cell, activation of the crucial proto-oncogene Evi1 was not detectable when using SIN-EF1alpha vectors. On the basis of several quantitative indicators, the decrease in transforming activity was highly significant (more than tenfold, P < 0.01) when compared with similarly designed vectors containing a retroviral enhancer-promoter with or without a well-characterized genetic insulator core element. In this manner, the insertional biosafety of therapeutic gene vectors can be greatly enhanced and proactively evaluated in sensitive cell-based assays.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/mt.2008.5

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34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Reduced transgene expression of NILVs can be amended by using strong enhancers or promoters that produce sufficient transgene expression.

    “This can be amended by using strong enhancers or promoters that can produce sufficient transgene expression [70,71,72].”

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Authors
Zychlinski, D., Schambach, A., Modlich, U., Maetzig, T., Meyer, J., Grassman, E., Mishra, A., & Baum, C.
Affiliations
  • Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Baum, Christopher
Venue
Molecular Therapy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-04
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pages
718-725
ISSN
1525-0016 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1971410311
Cited by
271
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
FWCI
18.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA107492)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords
retroviral vectors, enhancer-promoter interactions, self-inactivating vectors, EF1α promoter, PGK promoter, EVI1, proto-oncogene activation, hematopoietic cells
MeSH terms
MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Animals, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, DNA-Binding Proteins, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Fibroblasts, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phosphoglycerate Kinase, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Proto-Oncogenes, Retroviridae, Transcription Factors, Transfection, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Mice

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