Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic, symbiotic associations with the roots of more than 80% of land plants. The fungi are incapable of completing their life cycle in the absence of a host root. Their spores can germinate and grow in the absence of a host, but their hyphal growth is very limited. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern signalling and recognition between AM fungi and their host plants. In one of the first stages of host recognition, the hyphae of AM fungi show extensive branching in the vicinity of host roots before formation of the appressorium, the structure used to penetrate the plant root. Host roots are known to release signalling molecules that trigger hyphal branching, but these branching factors have not been isolated. Here we have isolated a branching factor from the root exudates of Lotus japonicus and used spectroscopic analysis and chemical synthesis to identify it as a strigolactone, 5-deoxy-strigol. Strigolactones are a group of sesquiterpene lactones, previously isolated as seed-germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. The natural strigolactones 5-deoxy-strigol, sorgolactone and strigol, and a synthetic analogue, GR24, induced extensive hyphal branching in germinating spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita at very low concentrations.
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- Authors
- Akiyama, K., Matsuzaki, K.-I., & Hayashi, H.
- Affiliations
- Osaka Prefecture University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Akiyama, Kohki
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 435
- Issue
- 7043
- Pages
- 824-827
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2061389896
- Cited by
- 2,429
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 120 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 130 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 113 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 75.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and fungal interactions
- Keywords
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, hyphal branching, strigolactones, sesquiterpenes, Lotus japonicus, Gigaspora margarita, nitrogen transfer, host recognition, root exudates, plant-fungal symbiosis, parasitic weeds, GR24, appressoria, root parasitic plants
- MeSH terms
- Lotus, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Diffusion, Lactones, Sesquiterpenes, Symbiosis, Plant Roots, Hyphae, Mycorrhizae
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